2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语副标题一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AFor many，Daylight Saving Time （DST：夏令时）simply means remembering to change the clocks and twisting your sleep schedule．"Even though the time change is only an hour，it is something that causes much more destruction than people believe，" said Dr．John Sharp，a psychologist and psychiatrist at Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston．"It's not just an extra hour of sleep；it's more of a fast-forward into winter．"With days getting darker earlier，Sharp suggests making a to-do list for activities after work ahead of time．"Any plans you have，say，going to the gym after work，require much more effort and determination．It's much better to plan more carefully and not just rely on how you feel，especially when it is dark out，" he said．"Figure it out in advance and stick with the plan．"In addition．Sharp says in the weeks after Daylight Saving，some may feel like they have a bigger appetite．"Eating more during this time is not the answer．People need to stay on an eating schedule and keep up healthy habits．"However，Sharp said there are ways to better acclimate yourself to the time change．If you are having trouble sleeping，he suggests taking some melatonin （退黑激素）in the evening．In contrast，if you find yourself feeling sleepy．Sharp said there is nothing wrong with adding an extra caffeinated drink during your day．A word to the wise？One sure way to better adjust to the time change is to start going to bed15 minutes earlier starting four days before Daylight Saving，adding an additional 15minutes each night．1.Which is probably the best title for the passage？______A. Are you prepared for DST？B. Why DST was introduced？C. What DST has brought to life？D. How DST has been popular？2.What does John Sharp suggest in Paragraph 2？______A. Getting up earlier than before．B. Sticking to the daily routine．C. Being aware of quality sleep．D. Getting well-prepared for DST．3.The underlined word "acclimate" in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by ______ ．A. adoptB. accelerateC. adaptD. acknowledge4.The passage is probably taken from ______ ．A. a scientific reportB. an interviewC. a speechD. a statement【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】B【解析】32．A．主旨大意题．文章For many， Daylight Saving Time （DST：夏令时） simply means remembering to change the clocks and twisting your sleep schedule主要分析夏令时给人们带来的影响，故选A．33．D．细节理解题．从该段Figure it out in advance and stick with the plan可知约翰•夏普在第2段中建议为DST做好充分准备．34．C．词义猜测题．根据前后文的表述However， Sharp said there are ways to better acclimate yourself to the time change可知其意为：适应．35．B．推理判断题．文中It's not just an extra hour of sleep； it's more of a fast-forward into winter大量的引用了Sharp 的话语，由此可知可能出自"访谈"．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了夏令时给人们带来的影响考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．BEvery year，some 6.9 million children under the age of five die from diseases like malaria，pneumonia and HIV．The untold story of child survival is that the global community now has the combined knowledge，technical know-how and affordable tools to end such child deaths．Evidence shows that it is possible to decrease under-five death rates in developing countries to levels approaching those in wealthier countries．That is why 4 years ago - June，2012 - the US，Ethiopia and India joined the United Nations Children's Fund （or UNICEF）to launch Child Survival Call to Action，a global effort to save children's lives．The goal was to lower child death rates in the hardest-hit countries to 20 deaths per 1，000 live births by the year 2035．Zambia started a plan focused on nutrition and immunization （免疫）that will save more than 26，000 children each year．Congo is distributing pre-packaged supplies to prevent and treat the most common killers．They hope to save the lives of half a million children by 2017．Similar efforts are taking place in Ethiopia，Bangladesh，Yemen，and elsewhere．Child Survival partner companies are also developing life-saving vaccines （疫苗）and treatment for diarrhea．Private enterprisers and medical professionals are training and equipping health workers in 54 countries with life-saving tools．Still others are developing and delivering safe water treatment and storage products．"This high-level forum inspired a global movement - Committing to Child Survival：A Promise Renewed，" wrote UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake．"Four years passing，it continues to build and，today，174 countries and over 400 civil society and faith-based organizations have taken up the charge in their own commitments．While we still have a long way to go，the first 4 years have seen impressive gains．"5.The underlined word "those" in Paragraph 1 refers to ______ ．A. 6.9 million under-five childrenB. affordable tools to end child deathC. deaths in the developing countriesD. death rates of children under five6.Child Survival Call To Action was founded to ______ ．A. improve the living conditions for poor childrenB. decrease under-five death rates in some countriesC. raise some money to save children's livesD. save children in the poorest countries7.What can be inferred from the passage？______A. All diseases can be prevented or treated．B. Governments and partners joined the initial effort．C. Nutrition holds the key to lower the death rates．D. Only governments made their best to reduce the deaths．8.How does Anthony Lake feel towards Child Survival Call to Action？______A. Time-consuming．B. Wasteful．C. Positive．D. Cold．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】25．D．文章结构题．根据该段第Evidence shows that it is possible to decrease under-five death rates in developing countries t o levels approaching those in wealthier countries．可知证明表明比起发达国家，在发展中国家更有可能减少5岁以下的孩子的死亡率．结合选项，故选D．26．B．细节理解题．从第2段The goal was to lower child death rates in the hardest-hit countries…可知Child Survival Call To Action 这个组织成立的目的在于减少一些国家5岁以下儿童的死亡率．结合选项，故选B．27．B．推理判断题．从第3段Zambia started a plan focused on nutrition and immunization （免疫） that will save more than 26，000children each year． Congo is distributing pre-packaged supplies to prevent and treat the mos t common killers．Zambia，Congo两国应对低龄儿童的死亡率所采取的措施以及第4段中partner companies，Private enterprisers 等的相关行动可知这个活动受到了很多方面的支持，结合选项，故选B．28．C．观点态度题．从最后一段Lake的话While we still have a long way to go，the first 4 years have seen impressive gains可知Lake认为这个组织以后还会有更长远的发展，同时这几年也已经有了很大的成效．由此推断他对该组织是持支持态度的．结合选项，故选C．本文主要讲述了世界儿童低龄死亡率的事实，Child Survival Call To Action 这个组织成立的目的在于减少一些国家5岁以下儿童的死亡率，并在它的工作中已取得了初步的进展．题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．CAttending college can be expensive，and applying to college can be costly as well．With today's college application fees averaging around $80，you can expect to spend hundreds of dollars on college before you are even accepted into a school．One of the easiest ways to save money on college application fees before you begin applying is to narrow down your list of schools．To save money，try to limit the schools to which you apply to about 2-3 reach schools and 2-3 safety schools．At some schools，being a relative of a graduate can secure you a free application．If you are applying to a school where one of your parents or grandparents is a former graduate，check to see if you' re qualified for it．Research the preferred method of applying for each school on your list．Some schools offer free online applications，yet charge a fee for paper submissions．This is because online applications save schools the cost of employing a staff member to physically enter the application information．Several states，such as Michigan and North Carolina，take part in College Application Week，where many schools in the participating states cancel their application fee for the week．Be sure to contact the schools to I j which you are applying to see if they participate in College Application Week and when the program takes place in that state．Apply for early admission．If you have already decided on which college is your top choice，consider applying under an Early Action or Early Decision admission program．If you are accepted，you won't have to submit application fees to other schools．For more information regarding college applications and the fees associated with them，contact your high I school advisor or the admissions department at your school（s）of interest．9.The passage is mainly written to ______ ．A. introduce famous universities in the United StalesB. show some practical ways to apply an ideal collegeC. advertise for successful applications and advisorsD. offer tips to save money on college application fees10.What does the author advise to do in the second paragraph？______A. Write down your favorite universities．B. Reduce the number of your university choices．C. Apply to two universities each time．D. Mind your safety when applying to college．11.Some schools offer free online application to ______ ．A. receive fees faster than beforeB. employ someone else to workC. cut down the cost of employmentD. enter the application information12.It can be known from the passage that ______ ．A. application fee might be canceled conditionallyB. many countries attend College Application WeekC. applying for early admission is the best policyD. admission departments determine your future【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】A【解析】21．D．写作意图题．本文旨在介绍一些方法节省申请大学的相关费用，比如缩小你的学校的选择范围、搜索一些免费的学校项目等．故选D．22．B．细节理解题．从该段的One of the easiest ways to save money on college application fees before you begin applying is to narrow down your list of schools． To save money， try to limit the schools to which y ou apply to about 2-3 reach schools and 2-3 safety schools．可知该段落讲述了为了节约经济，在申请大学的时候，应该精减你的学校选择范围．结合选项，故选B．23．C．细节理解题．从第4段This is because online applications save schools the cost of employing a staff member to physically enter the application information可知一些学校在网络上提供免费的申请服务是为了减少雇佣相关工作人员时可能会产生的费用．结合选项，故选C．24．A．推理判断题．综合文中相关信息Apply for early admission． If you have already decided on which college is your top choice， consider applying under an Early Action or Early Decision admission program． If you are accepted， you won't have to submit application fees to other schools．可知，申报费用"在某些条件"是不用交的，故选A．本文旨在介绍一些节省申请大学的相关费用的办法，比如缩小你的学校的选择范围、搜索一些免费的学校项目等．题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．DHow you feel and react to your environment on a day-to-day basis can be measured by your behavior，thoughts，and emotions．Your personality gives you away!There are four fundamental characteristics of personality．First，it is constant and people tend to behave in the same way when they meet similar situations．Second，personality not only influences actions，but it also actually causes people to behave in specific ways．Third，personality is influenced by both psychological and biological factors．Finally，personality is expressed not only in behaviors，but through emotions，thoughts，social behavior，and close relationships．How the world distinguishes you is a direct reflection of and reaction to how you present yourself to them．Race，age，and sex are qualities you have no control over，but certainly contribute to your personality because of how the world senses you based on them．A person who continuously experiences racial discrimination may guard himself against it by at first seeming cold and unfriendly．But once he opens up，you may discover someone completely different inside．Physical ones，which you develop over time，also contribute to your personality，and include walking pace，eye contact，and facial expressions．How you want the world to see you influences how you present yourself to others．Characteristics such as altitude，response and general mindset create the surface of your one-of-a-kind personality．If you're like many people，the aspects of your personality you choose to show might depend on the people you meet．For instance，the personality you exhibit around your boss is probably a lot different from the personality you show to your closest friends．All of these elements make up the "you" that only you truly know．And only you can decide when to share these parts of your personality with other colleagues．13.What does the passage mainly talk about？______A. Some aspects of personality．B. Ways to develop personality．C. What contributes to personality．D. Why personality is important．14.It can be known from Paragraph 2 that ______ ．A. one's personality is merely determined by birthB. personality consists of behavior，thoughts and relationshipsC. personality has nothing to do with one's career lifeD. the environment and the situation influence one's personality15.The intended readers for the passage are probably ______ ．A. receptionistsB. studentsC. office clerksD. police officers【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】C【解析】29．A 主旨大意题．通读全文可知作者通过本文主要介绍了"个性"的一些基本特征及属性，故选A．30．D 推理判断题．根据第二段Third，personality is influenced by both psychological and biological factors．Finally，personality is expressed not only in behaviors，but through emotions，thoughts，social behavior，and close relationships．可知人格不仅表现在行为，而是通过情感、思想、社会行为，以及亲密关系，即环境及局势影响个性，故选D．31．C 推理判断题．根据最后一段For instance，the personality you exhibit around your boss is probably a lot different from the personality you show to your closest friends．可知本文是写给办公室职员的，故选C．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了日常生活中你对环境的感受和反应可以用你的行为、思想和情绪来衡量．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Some Ways to Avoid Getting Sick Nobody enjoys being sick but even the best of us can fall sick．Changes in the environment，such as the quality of the air we breathe，can lead to development of certain illnesses like allergies or cancer，when the body's own immune system works against it．(1)1．Eat Healthily．First of all，stick to a healthy diet．Even if you eat less，it is of great help not to skip meals．Bread with butter/jam，an egg or milk at breakfast，or fruits or fruit juice would be good for breakfast．(2) Dinner ideally should consist of soup and vegetables or non-vegetarian fare．Reward yourself with some cookies，even chocolates during the day or at tea-time．2．(3) Exercising is vital．You don't have to be a fitness freak．Performing some household chores or shopping or even climbing stairs instead of taking the lift helps to bum off calories．Exercises at the beginning of the day will help more and tone up the body．The heavy-eaters have to exercise more，and vigorously．3．Say no to cigarette smoking．It's been medically proved - cigarette smoking does cause cancer，but sadly people get addicted．(4) If people around you can suffer from secondary smoking，how much are you hurting yourself？Cigar-smoking is recommended for those who love to light up．4．Cheers for the good news! We all like the cup that cheers．Poets have written poems to alcohol，songsters are great fans and everyone raises a toast now and then．(5) If you love lo drink，consult your physician and work out what and how much suits you best．A．Doing exercise is a must．B．Have a scheduled daily routine．C．The next time you want to reach out for that cigarette packet，think again．D．We can try，however，to maintain good health by picking up a few healthy habits．E．Lunch can be light，perhaps vegetable/cheese - chicken and steaks are available for thenon-pork eaters．F．But too much of alcohol or wine is sure to bum up something inside you，which won't be calories but a certain organ of the body．G．A peaceful walk can also help you to relax as you are bathed in the sunshine - oxygen and vitamin D - while you bum up calories in a favorite manner．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】E 【小题3】A 【小题4】C 【小题5】F 【解析】36．D．推理判断题．根据文章Changes in the environment， such as the quality of the air we breathe， can lead to develop ment of certain illnesses like allergies or cancer， when the body's own immune system work s against it如我们呼吸的空气质量，会导致某些疾病的发展，如过敏或癌症，当身体自身的免疫系统对它起作用时；可知我们可以尝试通过养成一些健康的习惯来保持健康；故选D．37．E．推理判断题．根据文章Dinner ideally should consist of soup and vegetables or non-vegetarian fare晚餐最好包括汤和蔬菜或非素食的食物；可知午餐可以是清淡的，也许蔬菜/奶酪-鸡肉和牛排可供非猪肉吃者；故选E．38．A．推理判断题．根据文章Exercising is vital． You don't have to be a fitness freak锻炼是至关重要的．你不需要成为一个健身狂；可知做运动是必须的；故选A．39．C．推理判断题．根据文章It's been medically proved - cigarette smoking does cause cancer， but sadly people get addic ted吸烟确实会导致癌症，但不幸的是，人们会上瘾；可知下一次你想去拿那包烟时，再想一想；故选C．40．G．推理判断题．根据文章If you love lo drink， consult your physician and work out what and how much suits you best 如果你喜欢喝饮料，请咨询你的医生，找出什么最适合你，有多少最适合你；可知当你沐浴在阳光下--氧气和维生素D--的时候，平静的散步也能帮助你放松，而你却以一种最喜欢的方式消耗卡路里；故选G．本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了有些避免生病的方法没有人喜欢生病，但即使是我们中最好的人也会生病七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近七的词），选出最符合语境的句子．三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）When I was four，I lost my sight by falling off a box car and landing on my head．Now I'm thirty-two．I can (21) remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is．It'd bewonderful to see again，but a (22) can do strange things to people．It (23) me the other day that I mightn't have come to love life as I do now if I hadn't been (24)．The loss of my eyes made me (25) the more what I had left．It took me years to discover and strengthen this (26)．It had to start with the most (27) things．Once a man gave me an indoor (28) "I can't use this，" I was hurt，thinking he's (29) me．"Take it with you，" he urged me，"and roll it around．" The words (30) in my head．By rolling the ball I could(31) where it went．This gave me an idea(32) to achieve the goal I had thought(33)：playing baseball．Later，at Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind，I(34) a successful variation （变体）of baseball．We called it ground ball．Life asks a continuous series of(35) to reality - I believe it! The more(36) you're able to make them，the more peaceful your private world becomes．The adjustment is never easy．I was once (37) and afraid，knowing nowhere to go．But I was(38)．My parents and teachers saw something in me a potential to live．The hardest(39) I had to learn was to believe in myself．Had I not done that，I'd have(40) and become a chair rocker for the rest of my life．I'd fail sometimes anyway but on average I made progress．21. A. totally B. vaguely C. basically D. hopefully22. A. crash B. comedy C. disaster D. story23. A. appealed to B. happened to C. referred to D. occurred to24. A. blind B. affected C. lame D. attacked25. A. regard B. measure C. appreciate D. praise26. A. theory B. principle C. rule D. belief27. A. fundamental B. wonderful C. interesting D. creative28. A. box car B. baseball C. ground ball D. softball29. A. consulting B. encouraging C. scolding D. teasing30. A. stuck B. dropped C. faded D. died31. A. notice B. feel C. hear D. smell32. A. when B. how C. whether D. where33. A. realistic B. reasonable C. impossible D. potential34. A. experimented B. invented C. promoted D. bought35. A. trials B. efforts C. adjustments D. comments36. A. readily B. comfortably C. precisely D. differently37. A. delighted B. inspired C. frightened D. puzzled38. A. shocked B. lucky C. unwilling D. disappointed39. A. lecture B. message C. text D. lesson40. A. broken down B. taken offC. pulled throughD. stood out【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】A 【小题5】C 【小题6】D 【小题7】A 【小题8】B 【小题9】D 【小题10】A 【小题11】C 【小题12】B 【小题13】C 【小题14】B 【小题15】C 【小题16】A 【小题17】D 【小题18】B 【小题19】D 【小题20】A 【解析】41-45 BCDAC 46-50 DABDA 51-55 CBCBC 56-60 ADBDA41．B．副词辨析．"我今年32岁，只能模模糊糊地记得阳光的明亮和红色是什么样的．"从前面的lost my sight及后文"要是能重见光明，当然很好"可知．故选B．42．C．名词辨析．"可是一次灾难也能给人带来奇妙的东西．"此处disaster指作者摔落失明一事．故选C．43．D．短语辨析．"有一天我突然想到，It occurs/ occurred to sb．that-clause：某人突然想起……，A．呼吁，B．碰巧，C．参考，D．想起，故选D．44．A．短语辨析．如果不是失明的话，我就不可能像现在这样热爱生活了．故选A．45．C．动词辨析．"失明让我更加感激我所拥有的一切． A．祝愿，B．测量，C．感激，D．赞扬，故选C．46．D．名词辨析．"我用了许多年才悟出并固化了这个信念．"belief指前面的"感激自己所拥有的一切"．故选D．47．A．形容词辨析．"这得从最平常不过的一件事说起．"fundamental：基本的，基础的，构成基础的，故选A．48．B．名词辨析．从后文的a successful variation of baseball可知．故选B．49．D．动词辨析．"我很受伤，以为他在嘲笑我．A．咨询，B．鼓励，C．责备，D．嘲笑，故选D．50．A．动词辨析．"这些话深深地印在我的脑海里．"stick in one's head：印在脑子里，留下深刻印象，故选A．51．C．动词辨析．"通过滚动棒球，我能听出它往哪儿去．"作者已失明，所以最有可能是"听"．故选C．52．B．引导词辨析．"这让我想通了怎样去实现自己之前认为不可能的目标：打棒球．" ，故选B．53．C．形容词辨析．作者是个盲人，因此打棒球对之前的他来说是不可能的，A．现实的，B．理智的，C．不可能的，D．有潜力的，故选C．54．B．动词辨析．"后来在Overbrook盲人学校，我发明了一个棒球的变体-滚地球．" ，故选B．55．C．名词辨析．"我认为，生活需要一系列的调整来实现．"根据后文的The adjustment is never easy可知．A．实验，B．努力，C调整，D．评论，故选C．56．A．副词辨析．"越是乐意做出改变，你的世界就变得越平静．"readily：乐意地，欣然地；容易地，故选A．57．D．动词辨析．"我曾经茫然、畏惧过，不知道该往哪里去．"从knowing nowhere to go可知为"困惑、茫然"．A．高兴的，B受启发的，C．害怕的，D，困惑的，故选D．58．B．动词辨析．"然而，我是幸运的．父母和老师在我身上发现了：生长的潜质．" 故选B．59．D．名词辨析．"对我来说，最难的一课是相信自己．" 故选D．60．A．短语辨析．"当时要是没有做到这一点（相信自己），我可能就完了，后半辈子就只是个摇椅人了（意为：只能靠轮椅生活了）．A．崩溃，垮掉，B．带走，C．度过难关，D．脱颖而出，故选A．作者从小因一次事故双目失明，但并没有对生活灰心丧气，在老师和父母的帮助下勇敢面对人生，相信自己有能力战胜生活中的挑战，取得不断的进步的故事．解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定．第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.In southern Portugal， scientists from the University of Edinburgh have recently found some fossil （化石） remains of a（60）______ （previous） unknown species （物种） of a crocodile-like "super salamander "．The species could grow up to six feet in （62）______ （long）． It lived in lakes and rivers． It was part of a wider group of primitive amphibians （两栖动物）（63）______ were widespread at the time but died out in the end． They are the ancestors of modem amphibians such as frogs． They are believed by scientists（64）______（live） at the same time the dinosaurs began their rule．Steve Brusatte led the study． He said the new species had （65）______（hundred） of sharp teeth． It looks somehow "strange" （66）______（compare） to anything today．Feeding mainly（67）______fish， it was at the top of the food chain． But it's also （68）______danger for newly appeared dinosaurs and mammals that moved too near the wate r．The team says the finding confirms that this group of amphibians lived in a（69）______（diverse） geographic area than had been thought．The dig began in 2009 and took several years． The "super salamander" bones （70）______（discover） in a half-meter thick layer of rock in a hillside． The team hopes to raise f unds to continue exploring the site．【答案】previously；length；that/which；to have lived；hundreds；compared；on；a；more diverse；were discovered【解析】61．previously，考查副词，修饰形容词用副词．62．length，考查名词，介词后跟名词作宾语，构成短语in length，表示"在长度上"．63．that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为primitive amphibians，在从句中作主语，用which或that引导定语从句．64．to have lived，考查不定式的完成时态，be believed to have done被认为已经做过．65．hundreds，考查固定搭配，hundreds of数百个．66．compared，考查固定搭配，compared to/with与…比起来，作比较状语．67．on，考查固定搭配，feed on"以…为主食"．68．a，考查冠词，表示一种、一个，用不定冠词泛指．69．more diverse，考查形容词比较级，后面有than，所以用比较级．70．were discovered，考查被动语态，主语bones和discover之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态．在葡萄牙南部，来自爱丁堡大学的科学家最近发现了一些以前不为人知的鳄鱼的化石，这一物种可以长到六英尺长，它生活在湖泊和河流中，这是一群原始两栖动物的一部分，在当时普遍存在，但最终灭绝了，它们是现代两栖动物的祖先，如青蛙，他们被科学家们所认为的生活在恐龙统治时期的时代．史蒂夫•布鲁萨特领导了这项研究，它主要以鱼类为食．研究小组说，这一发现证实了这群两栖动物生活在一个比想象中更多样化的地理区域．这次挖掘始于2009年，历时数年，在山坡上一块半米厚的岩石中发现了"超级火蜥蜴"（super salamander\）的骨头，该团队希望筹集资金继续探索该遗址．本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）42.共享单车（bike-sharing）在中国发展迅猛，为出行带来了便利，有效缓解了交通压力．但近来共享单车任意弃放、随意毁坏、人为上锁‘窃为己有' 等现象令人忧心．某英文报社现以How to deal with the problems in bike-sharing为题征稿．请你与一篇文章谈谈这一现象，分析其原因并提出一些解决办法．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．______【答案】【小题1】How to deal with the problems in bike-sharingBike-sharing is flourishing in China，but as it has grown problems have arisen．Many people just leave the bikes anywhere，without giving a thought to whether they are causing an obstruction．Some of the bikes are locked by selfish users so others cannot use them．Most of the problems are because the market has expanded so rapidly．Consequently，there has not been time to address the issues when they emerge and before they become a problem．To solve the problems requires the cooperation of all those involved．Local governments need to establish areas where the bicycles can be left and ensure bicycle lanes are properly used．The companies concerned need to review and strengthen their user rules，while the users need to better learn these rules．Bike-sharing is a convenient and green means of urban transport，and we hope it will be successful without negative side effects．【小题2】略【解析】How to deal with the problems in bike-sharingBike-sharing is flourishing in China，but as it has grown problems have arisen．Many people just leave the bikes anywhere，without giving a thought to whether they are causing an obstruction．【高分句型一】Some of the bikes are locked by selfish users so others cannot use them．（列举共享单车令人忧心的现象）Most of the problems are because the market has expanded so rapidly．Consequently，there has not been time to address the issues when they emerge and before they become a problem．（分析乱象背后的原因）To solve the problems requires the cooperation of all those involved．Local governments need to establish areas where the bicycles can be left and ensure bicycle lanes are properly used．【高分句型二】The companies concerned need to review and strengthen their user rules，while the users need to better learn these rules．（解决乱象的方法）Bike-sharing is a convenient and green means of urban transport，and we hope it will be successful without negative side effects．（表达希望）这是讨论共享单车的一篇作文．根据题目要求可知用第一人称和一般现在时态．内容包括：1．列举共享单车令人忧心的现象；2．分析乱象背后的原因；3．解决乱象的方法；4．表达希望．高分句型1．Many people just leave the bikes anywhere，without giving a thought to whether they are causing an obstruction．句子里leave 表示"留下"；giving a thought 表示"思考，想一想"；causing an obstruction表示"造成障碍"．许多人任意弃放自行车，不考虑这样会造成障碍．2．Local governments need to establish areas where the bicycles can be left and ensure bicycle lanes are properly used．句子里where 引导定语从句the bicycles can be left and ensure bicycle lanes are properly used．当地政府需要建立一些区域，在这里自行车能够被停放，保证自行车道合理的被利用．考查提纲类作文．高考作文的体裁有记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文，尤以应用文独占鳌头．今年的高考书面表达处处体现了新课改对高考"体现英语教学的交际性、实用性和应用性，提高考生的综合语言运用能力"的要求．依然沿袭以往的风格，强调写作的目的性和实用性．第11页，共11页。