一
one:
one表示泛指，指同名称中的另一事物既可代替人，也可以代替物
复数形式为ones.
That,主要用于两种东西的对比，其复数形式为those,也可以用于特指。

That用于代替物，不能用于代替人。

I don’t like this computer canyou give me a better （one）?
The wether in Guangzhou is hotter than (that) in Beijing in summer. that,which:
Here is the man (that)you're been looking for
I don’t like the way (that) you talk to somebody else. and:
She doctors her children for
colds and stomachaches.
二
Until then:
Until then,his family ____ from him for six months
A.didn't hear
B.hasn't heard
C.hasn't been hearing
D.hadn't heard
过去完成时标志词：
1.由时间状语来判定
2.（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。

3.（2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。

4.（3 ）before + 过去的时间点。

5.I _______ (finish) reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
6.We _______ (learn) over two thousand English words by the end of
last term.
7.They ______(plant) six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
三
1. Look at the children on the playground. They are flying kites ________(happy). Let’s join them.
2. Why do you think you did so ___________(bad)i n your test?
As:
As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful .
As a young man, he was active in sports. Remember, you must do everything as I do
He is very careful, as we all know.
Child as she is, she can speak 2 foreign languages
现在分词做后定：
定语：起修饰限定作用的语言成分,多为“···的”；后置定语,顾名
思义,放在被修饰词后的定语.现在分词作定语,多表主动和进行的含
义.有别于过去分词,表被动含义.
The teacher came in,following some students.老师跟着一些学生进来了.
（学生在老师之前?）
The teacher came in,followed by some students.老师被一些学生跟着进来了.即：老师进来了,他后面跟着一些学生.（学生在老师之后）The girl ____ (stand) under the tree is really charming.（令人陶醉）
People ____ (wait) for the bus often shelter in my doorway.（等公共汽车的人经常在我的住所门口。

）
And前后一致
She was my best friend after all, and was always there for me
四
Also,too as well,either 区别
1) too放在句子末尾，通常用逗号隔开。

2）either在否定句中使用，但是放在句子末尾，通常用逗号隔开。

3) also则放在系动词be之后，实义动词之前。

4) as well 用在肯定句中，放在句子末尾。

Help sb do:
Please help me ____（lift） this heavy box.
Will you help me _____(choose) myself a new coat? Work out:
That is what you have to work out
Work out 解决，锻炼，产生结果，算出，制出Work as 从事….工作
Work at 从事，致力于
Work on 从事，对….起作用
Society n.社会social adj.社会的
五
.for+时间段
The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. . Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ___ ___ many years
现在完成时标志词
for,since
already, yet, just, before, recently, lately
often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion
up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this
morning/week/month/year, , just, today, up to present, so far Prep+ving:
Make sb do 主动表被动
She can’t make herself _____ (hear) in Chinese.。