名词性从句考点纳
概念: 在整个句中起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
判断:
主语从句在谓语动词前,且常用形式主语it
宾语从句在动词、介词、形容词后
表语从句在系动词后(be, seem, look等)
同位语从句在名词后且引导词在从句中不作成分
连接词分为三类:
从属连词:that, (不充当从句的任何成分, 不可省,没有意义
whether/ if (不充当从句的任何成分,不可省,“是否”的意思)
连接代词:what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever),whose: 充当主、宾、表、定
连接副词:when, where, how, why (充当状语)
名词性从句的做法
1.判断
2.从句中缺什么给什么
考点一:what vs. that
what 在句中充当成分,后面跟意思是:
that在从句中充当成分,后面跟,意义
you have done might do harm to other people.
you don’t like him is none of my business.
考点二:that 的省略
●由连接词that引导从句时,that 在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式
的文体中常被省去,但是,从句是并列句时,第二个分句及以后的分句前的that 。
He told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and he will visit many sights.
●that位于句首引导主语从句时,不能省略。
He will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
he will win the match is certain.
考点三:whether vs. if
在名词性从句中表示“是否”多用,
if 只用于引导从句。
只用whether的情况:
●主语、表语、同位语从句中
●介词后
●Whether …or….
●Whether +to do
I did not know whether to get married or to go on study.
考点四:who vs. whoever
Who 和 whoever 在意义上有所不同。
Who 表(疑问/肯定),意为:;
Whoever 表(疑问/肯定),意为
will come to the dinner remains a question.
will come to the dinner will be well treated.
whoever 与whomever
Please give the book to (whoever/whomever)needs it most.
此处,whoever在从句中作主语,因此不能用whomever。
名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。
考点五:What/who vs. which
What 和 who 表人或物时,(有/无范围)
Which 表示人或物时,(有/无范围)
Tell me book you like.
Tell me of the books you like.
同理: (whichever; whatever)
You can choose toy you like in the room.
You can choose toy you like.
介词后的which和what
I arrived inis called Afghanistan now.
My husband drives atI think is a dangerous speed.
考点六: it 的用法:it 在名词性从句中作
形式主语:
●It +be+adj. +that 从句
●It +be+p.p +that 从句
●It+be+n.+that 从句
●It+vi.+that/whether (vi. appear, happen, matter, occur, seem)
形式宾语:
●I hate it when Jessie gives us a dictation. (love, dislike,
appreciate, )
The Chinese government has made it clearit strives to achieve in space science in the next 5 years.
考点七:同位语从句
同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+引导词+从句构成,引导词一般是that,而且that在从句中(充当/不充当)任何成分。
如news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等, 同位语是对抽象名词进行解释说明。
引导词+从句=抽象名词。
定语从句vs. 同位语从句
The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.
The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio.。