1.崇明区2019届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语A. signB. wreckC. scheduledD. inappropriateE. exactF. initiativeG. tragedy H. repeat I. categorized J. accommodated K. unclearTitanic II Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long-delayed project to launch a full-size copy of the ill-fated Royal Mail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water—think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997, the travel project will “go on and on.”Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the 31 , announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012. It is said thatthe new ship will be a(n) 32 copy of the infamous ship, which sank in 1912 following a crash with an iceberg (冰山).To avoid a(n) 33 disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty of life boats, modern navigation (导航) and radar equipment. The first voyage, however, will take passengers from Dubai to New York, reports CruiseArabia, with the first sailing 34 to take place in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins, and 2,435 passengers will be35 . You’ll be able to buy first-, second- and third-class tickets—just like in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the 36 ofthe original Titanic. American company OceanGate has planned diving trips for 2019, costing $105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in 37 , with over 1,500 people losing their lives. For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder of The Bluefish, said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’t see diving to the original one as 38 .Realistically, it’s 39 whether Titanic II will ever see the light of day—or whether the diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 100 years after the Titanic’s first and only voyage, global interest in this ship shows no 40 of slowing down.2.宝山区2018学年第二学期期中A. accessingB. nonessentialC. apparentD. technologyE. assignedF. contactG. particularly H. addiction I. associated J. automatically K. contributingWhen was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you’ve been using ___31___ like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the daysof memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single ___32___. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient waysfor storing and ___33___ information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users’ heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects.“Digital dementia（失智）”is the term being used by medical professionalsto identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this:“...we’re ___34___ our brains to our smart devices. We’re so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitiveskills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms ___35___ with dementia.”The seriousness of overuse becomes ___36___ when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds“Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine（多巴胺）.”Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to ___37___ more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx（汇集）of young people with this kind of addiction.l First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cut back on any ___38___ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.Determine ___39___ areas for cellphone use. For example, while you’re at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t ___40___ filled with staring at your screen.3.2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷A. involvingB. distinguishC. adaptedD. tailoredE. mediumF. gainsG. partiallyH. amazingI. definitelyJ. steerK. implicationsGenes That Make You SmarterThe contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy（遗产）we are born with and may have (31)______ for education.“People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite (32) ______ and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are (33) ______ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, (34) ______ a total of 11000 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetics etc. to measure a quantity called “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twins（异卵双生）, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to (35)______ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomin’s team calculated in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent.No one (36) ______ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handling their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “kids with high G will use their environment to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. Children with (37) ______ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.”Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability（遗传可能性）doesn’t mean that there is nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher (38)______after training.”Plomin suggests genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being (39) ______ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says.Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to (40) ______ kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”4.青浦区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语试卷A. forgottenB. hesitateC. initialD. marineE. marvelousF. leisurelyG. sources H. specific I. symphony J. tapped K. witnessedTouring CenotesMy parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer, and we visited the cenotes (say-NO-tays), the natural swimming holes located on the Yucatán Peninsula. The term “swimming hole” might make you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly __31__.I had the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though the ancient Mayans(玛雅人) used the cenotes as water __32__, people can now swim, dive, takephotographs, and admire local trees and __33__ life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blue to be real. I __34__ countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not to jump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my __35__ try instantly put all my worries to rest.A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun-covered pond, where we__36__ floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by a valley of trees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.Grutas de Loltún were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though there was no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltún are among the biggest caves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at those drawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time to a(n) __37__ era of history. Our group thought Carolina wasjoking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋) sing for us, but when she __38__them, we heard what sounded like the words “Lol” and “Tun”—the name of the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) __39__ played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would have been any better.Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and I would not __40__ to do it all again.5.普陀区2018学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷A. determinedB. entitledC. officiallyD. seekingE. versionF. establishmentG. rejectedH. variousI. completelyJ. pricedK. absorbedThe Historical Change of Reader’s DigestDuring World War I, Mr. DeWitt Wallace was wounded in a battle. During his recovery in the hospital, he read a lot of magazines and (31) ___________ a lot of interesting information. At the same time, he also found that few people had time to read so many magazines that he realized the idea of excerpting (摘录) these articles and publishing them.He was (32) ___________ to publish a pocket magazine they called Reader’s Digest with his wife Lila Acheson. They opened an office downstairs in an illegal hotel in Greenwich Village, New York, and spent only $5,000 in capital and began (33) __________ subscribers. After a period of hard work, the first volume was (34) __________ published on February 5, 1922. Its purpose is to inform the readers in daily life and give the readers entertainment, encouragement and guidance. The first article, (35) ___________ How to Stay Young Mentally, was one and a half pages long.In 1920, he put (36) ____________ selected articles into Reader’s Digest samples and displayed them to major publishers in the United States. He hoped that someone would be willing to publish them, but they were all (37) ___________. Mr. Wallace did not give up and decided to publish it himself. He worked at home with his wife, and finally published the first issue of Reader’s Digest in February 1922. The first was printed in 5,000 copies, (38) ___________ at 25 cents, and sent to 1,500 payment subscribers by mail. By 1935, the circulation of Reader’s Digest had reached one million copies.The Chinese (39) ___________ of Reader’s Digest was first published in March 1965. The first editor-in-chief was Lin Taiyi, the daughter of Mr. Lin Yutang, master of literature. In November 2004, Reader’s Digest and Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau announced the (40) __________ of a long-term publishing cooperation.6.虹口区2018学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试A. scaleB. engagedC. disastrousD. hotspotsE. targetF. victimG. interwovenH. inevitableI. continuousJ. resolveK. riskyWhy Bike Theft Is Not Taken Seriously?For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can afford and it is very convenient for them to use. Therefore, the impact of the loss of their bike can be __31__. But why is cycle theft so often seen as a minor crime?According to the police, 96,210 bikes were stolen in 2018, and about one in 50 bicycle-owning households fall __32__ to cycle theft each year. Those who can afford a second bike might have a “beater”, a cheap bike they leave in __33__ areas, and can afford to lose — but those who cannot make both ends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by bike theft.According to a survey for Bike Register, 50% of victims feltpolice didn’t investigate the crime, while those __34__ in cycle theftsee it as low risk in terms of being caught. Police recover just 3% ofstolen bikes. In fact, the problem is almost certainly much greater:People often don’t report it thinking there’s nothing the police cando, so the full__35__ of the problem remains hidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford,Southampton, Bristol, etc. Most cycle thefts occur near or inpeople’s homes, but thieves also __36__ transport hubs (中心，枢纽) and university campuses. In the meantime, the police have come up with a way to __37__ the issue. Training 23 officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cycle crime strategy, __38__ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websites where more than half of stolen bikes are sold, and identifying cycle theft __39__ and priorities.If a bike is stolen, there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing their transport, exercise, and potential access to local communities and service. It is widely accepted that police’s __40__ effort is fundamental to a drop in cycle theft.7.浦东新区2018 学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测高三英语试卷A. regionB. initiativeC. sticksD. domesticE. priorityF. shrinkingG. solid H. matters I. classic J. expanding K. indefinableUNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&M When asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of the clothes are so ____31____, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ____32____ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ____33____ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his ____34____ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ____35____ who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ____36____ into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).The success or not of UNIQLO’s overseas operations ____37____ greatly to investors at home. Fast Retailing’s shares—Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm—have been rising since 2015, analysts estimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improved logistics （物流）. At home the firm is closing stores because the population is____38____. Last year UNIQLO's international profits overtook its ____39____ sales for the first time and its foreign operating profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO in America struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ____40____ for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.8.2019届静安区高三英语期中练习卷（2019.5）binationB. sheetsC. flexibleD. rejectedE. healF. imitateG. chemicalH. damageI. settingJ. necessarilyK. severeArtificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns.Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to __31__at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin __32__ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can __33__. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质)__34__. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical__35__, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause __36__ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not __37__ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many __38__ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing __39 __ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be __40__ by the patient's body.9.松江区2018学年度第二学期模拟考质量监控试卷高三英语A. applyB. supposedC. accurateD. consumeE. existingF. maintainG. optionsH. natureI. sensitiveJ. addressK. willingnessA recent troubling study showed that “fake news” spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek 31 online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your 32 worldview. It takes the 33 to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’s to say what’s actually true and what’s false? If you can’t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?So what 34 do we have? Many suggest that we can 35 the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and 36 critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second 37 to individuals at an early age.Primary and secondary school are 38 to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops, the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously 39 . If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn’t they be learning how to 40 the Internet responsibly as well?10.杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研A. intentionsB. featureC. invitingD. conservationE. entertainingF. matchedG. confusedH. fascinationI. surviveJ. definingK. evaluateThe odds are high that you’ve seen a beauty pageant (选美比赛)or two in your life. They are among the most attended and viewed events in the world. Despite numerous different opinions, beauty pageants continue to not only __31__ but also become more popular.Miss World, Miss Universe, Miss International and Miss Earth are known as the Big Four beauty pageants, and all of them continue to this day. These competitions __32__ young women on their physical attractiveness, of course, but they also are judged on their personality, intelligence, talent, and responses to interview-based questions. The eventual winners receive prizes including cash, scholarships, clothes, beauty queen crowns, and of course, the title of the event for one year.All these awards do not come cheap for the young ladies. They have duties to fulfill while holding their titles. Beauty queens often appear at functions to raise social awareness about environmental and social issues such as nature __33__, racial or gender discrimination, and disease prevention. By projecting the image of a well-educated, respectable character__34__with a successful personality, every beauty pageant winner is seen as a role model, and not just for young girls alone.Some beauty contests __35__ men rather than women. Similar to their feminine counterparts, men enter Mister Global, Mister International, and Mister World for their looks, style, and talent. These contests should not be __36__ with the Mister Universe contest, which is an annual bodybuilding competition.There are other strange and __37__ pageants all over the world that celebrate everything from being old to being pregnant.Beauty contests, whether organized with noble __38__ or just for fun, have attracted criticism since they were first held. Some critics object to the focus on physical beauty, especially emphasis on a certain stature and body shape. Further, they point out that some participants will actually harm themselves through dieting or plastic surgery to achieve the perfect appearance. Despite these complaints, beauty may be only skin deep, but __39__ it and competing for the glory of being the fairest of them all holds a timeless and universal __40__.11.2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷A. declineB. investedC. scratchingD. harvestE. farmersF. barelyG. occurrence H. implementation I. unmarketable J. adjustments K. enemiesLike many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident Eduardo Jimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and he even set up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems. However, when (31) _____ time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for his hard work. How did this happen? The answer comes in the form of a small, brown, particularly smelly insect: the stink bug.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs, blueberries, corn, and kiwi fruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do little damage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables (32) _______. For this reason, stink bugs pose the most serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macro farmers have more (33) _______ in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. While hobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macro farmers are forced to live with the loss of entire tracts of cash crops—a fact that has left many (34) _______ able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged. Pennsylvania lost half of its peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, apple farmers in the mid-Atlantic states lost $37 million. This year could be worse. As a result of this (35) _______ in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen (36) _______—sometimes quite dramatic—in prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland are up 8%. In the north-Atlantic states, prices for peppers shot up an astonishing 14%. Not only are these items becoming more expensive, but they are also getting harder to find. Last week, Marge Jenkins of Athens, Georgia reported having to check three different stores before encountering a decent batch of peas. And this, she assures us, is a regular (37) _______. Accidentally brought from Asia, the stink bug has no natural (38) _______ in America, and thus its population is rising sharply. Reported sightings of stink bugs are becoming increasingly numerous, as the dried, brown, trapezoidal（不规则四边形）shells of the dead bugs are everywhere in some areas. This has farmers and scientists alike (39) _______ their heads in search of a remedy. Hope, they believe, may lie with an Asian parasitic wasp（黄蜂）, which helpfully lays its eggs inside stink bug eggs.The larvae（幼虫）of the wasp consume the stink bug from the inside. But the (40) _______ of such a solution is still several years away, as scientists must first determine if it is safe for the wasp to be introduced into America. Until then, some farmers are resorting to homemade traps. Others have even contemplated the use of peacocks and praying mantises, which, they imagine, will gulp down the little stinkers.12.金山区2018学年第二学期质量监控高三英语试卷A. marginalB. personalC. slidingD. promiseE. countedF. gapsG. profits H. distributed I. relief J. maturing K. levelingBad News for Apple; Good News for HumanityWhen Apple cut its revenue estimate（收益预期）for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company’s share price, which had been (31) __________ for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news cameout.Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit.Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry’s first ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had (32) __________ on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphone sales have peaked, and seem to be (33) __________ off at around 1.4billion units a year, is good news for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation (饱和), which hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s (34) __________. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely (35) __________ is something to be celebrated.Now many phones are used for longer than three years, often as hand-me-downs. Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only (36) __________ improvements. So even with flat sales, the longer (37) __________ between upgrades mean people who already have phones benefit.For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as a welcome (38) __________.Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. As computers become smaller, still more (39) __________ and closer to people’s bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, from smart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone holds its (40) __________ as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously. But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.13.黄浦区2019年高考模拟考A.processedB.increasingC.applicationsD.typingE.interpretingF.reflectedG.injectedH.transformingI.connectionsJ.remarkableK.superhumanThe Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified.Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31 progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的) activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and 33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “ 35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on。