循证医学名词术语中英文对照安全性Safety半随机对照试验quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题background questions比值比odds ratio，OR标准化均数差standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告case report病例分析case analysis病人价值观patient value病人预期事件发生率patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件adverse event不确定性uncertaintyCochrane图书馆Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚References test bias肠激惹综合征irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异measurement variation成本-效果cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析cost-effectiveness analysis成本-效益分析cost-benefit analysis成本-效用分析cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚Multiple publication bias传统医学Traditional Medicine，TMD—L法DerSimonian & Laird methodthe number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH 对抗疗法allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚multiple publication bias二次研究secondary studies二次研究证据secondary research evidence发表偏倚publication biasnumber needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验non-randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化stratified randomization分类变量categorical variable风险（危险度）risk干扰co-intervention工作偏倚Workup bias固定效应模型fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLEN灰色文献grey literature后效评价reevaluation获益benefit机会结chance node疾病谱偏倚Spectrum bias技术特性Technical properties加权均数差weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率）false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）false negative rate简单随机化simple randomization检索策略search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）crossover design 经济学分析economic analysis经济学特性Economic attributes or impacts经验医学empirical medicine精确性precision决策结decision node决策树分析decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率absolute risk increase, ARI 可重复性repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度）reliability可信区间confidence interval ，CI可信限confidence limit ，CLLogistic回归模型Logistic regression model历史性对照研究historical control trial利弊比likelihood of being helped vs harmed, LHH连续性变量continuous variable临床对照试验controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局clinical outcome临床经济学clinical economics临床决策分析clinical decision analysis临床流行病学clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南clinical practice guidelines, CPG临床试验clinical trial临床研究证据clinical research evidence临床证据clinical evidence临床证据手册handbook of clinical evidence零点Zero time灵活性flexibility临界点Cut off points漏斗图funnel plots率差（或危险差）rate difference，risk difference，RDMeta-分析Meta-analysis敏感度sensitivity敏感性分析sensitivity analysis墨克手册Merck manual脑卒中病房Stroke Unit内在真实性internal validity偏倚bias起始队列inception cohort前-后对照研究before-after study前景问题foreground questions区组随机化block randomization散点图scatter plots森林图forest plots伤残调整寿命年disability adjusted life year，DALY 生存曲线survival curves生存时间survival time生存质量（生活质量）quality of life世界卫生组织World Health Organization, WHO失安全数fail-Safe Number试验组某事件发生率experimental event rate，EER 似然比likelihood Ratio, LR适用性applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve 随机对照临床试验randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验randomized control trial, RCT随机化隐藏randomization concealment随机效应模型random effect model特异度specificity同行评价colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）power同质性检验tests for homogeneity外在真实性external validity完成治疗分析per protocol，PP腕管综合征carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术health technology卫生技术评估health technology assessment, HTA系统评价systematic review, SR相对获益增加率relative benefit increase, RBI相对危险度relative risk，RR相对危险度降低率relative risk reduction, RRR相对危险度增加率relative risk increase, RRI效果effectiveness效力efficacy效应尺度effect magnitude效应量effect size序贯试验sequential trial选择性偏倚selection bias循证儿科学evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学evidence-based gynecology & obstetrics 循证购买evidence-based purchasing循证护理evidence-based nursing循证决策evidence-based decision-making循证内科学evidence-based internal medicine循证筛选evidence-based selection循证外科学evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健evidence-based health care循证诊断evidence-based diagnosis循证医学evidence-based medicine, EBM亚组分析subgroup analysis严格评价critical appraisal验后比post-test odds验后概率post-test probability验前比pre-test odds验前概率pre-test probability阳性预测值positive predictive value原始研究primary studies异质性检验tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析intention-to-treat, ITT阴性预测值negative predictive value引用偏倚citation bias尤登指数Youden’s index语言偏倚language bias预后prognosis预后因素prognostic factor预后指数prognostic index原始研究证据primary research evidence原始研究证据来源primary resources沾染contamination真实性（效度）validity诊断参照标准reference standard of diagnosis。