1. burn down / burn out / burn up burn down (火势)减弱,(被)焚毁;burn out烧尽,熄灭;burn up 被烧掉(毁),烧得更旺。
2. how often / how long / how far / how soon how often有"多久一次"的意思,是对做某事的频率提问。
对how often的回答一般是:twice a year/three times a week。
how long表示"时间多久或物体多长",表示时间时侧重指"一段时间"。
对how long的回答一般是时间段,如for three days。
how far是提问"路程有多远",询问距离",主要用来对表示将来的,还可以表示程度。
how soon表示"多久之后的一段时间提问。
对how soon的回答一般是:in + 时间段,如in two days/in five years。
3. call at / call back / call for / call in / call on / call upcall at (a place)访问(某地);call back回电话; call for (公开)要求,需要; call in要求退回,召来;call on邀请,请求; call up使回忆起,使想起。
4. come about / come across / come off / come out / come true /come upcome about发生;come across(偶然)遇见;come off能被去掉(或除去);come out出版,发行; come true变为现实,实现;come up长出地面,升起。
5. cut down / cut off / cut through / cut up / cut in cut down砍倒,削减;cut off打断,中断(供给);cut through开辟(出路或通道);cut up(严重地)割伤,打伤,切碎;cut in插嘴。
6. break out / break down / break away from / break into / break off / break through / break up break out爆发;break down出故障,坏掉;break away from突然挣脱,逃脱;break into强行闯入;break off中断,断开;break through克服,战胜;break up拆开,打散。
7. bring in / bring up / bring about bring in引入,赚得;bring up抚养,养育;bring about导致,引起。
8. run out / go out / give out / leave out run out用完,耗尽;go out外出交际,送出,发出;give out用完,耗尽,停止运转; leave out省去,遗漏,不包括。
9. get along with / get back / get close to / get down to / get in touch with / get off / get through get along with与……相处;get back回去,返回;get close to接近;get down to开始做…… get in touch with与……联系(接触);get off脱下;get through顺利通过(考试等),拨通(电话)。
10. go away / go against / go ahead / go bad / go off / go on doing/ go onwith / go up go away走开,离家外出,消失;go against违反,与……不符(或相反);go ahead走在前面,先走;go bad (食物)变坏,坏掉;go off离开(尤指去做某事); go on doing sth.继续干某事,不停地干某事; go on with sth。
(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续做某事; go up (价格,温度等)上涨,上升。
11.keep back / keep fit / keep in touch with / keep on / keep up with / keep out; keep back保留; keep fit保持健康; keep in touch with 与……保持联系keep on继续;keep up with跟上,并驾齐驱;keep out不进入,留在外面。
12. turn down / turn... into... / turn off / turn out / turn up / turn over turn down关小,把……调低;turn ... into ...把……变成…… turn off关掉(水、电、收音机等);turn out证明是,结果是;turn up到达,偶然出现;turn over转动,翻身。
13. take after / take apart / take away / take down / take on / take off /take up / take over / take in 动词take的相关短语也是高频短语,常见的有:take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母);take a part拆卸,拆开(机器等);take away解除,消除(感情、痛苦等);take down拆掉,拆卸,误认为;take on呈现,雇佣,承担(责任);take off取消,脱下(衣帽等);take up占用(时间),占据(空间),开始从事;take over接管,接手;take in留宿,收留,吸入。
14. die of / die from / die down / die out die of死于(内在原因,如疾病等);die from死于(外在原因,如事故等);die down逐渐变弱,逐渐平息;die out灭绝。
15.give away / give off / give out / give in to / give back give away捐赠,分发,泄露;give off发出,放出(气味、热、光等);give out发出,用完;give in to向……投降,让步;give back使恢复,归还。
16. hold on / hold out / hold back / hold up hold on(电话用语)等一下,别挂断;hold out坚持,抵抗,提供机会;hold back隐瞒;hold up推迟,耽搁。
17. look into / look through / look on / look out / look down on look into调查;look through快速查看;look on旁观;look out当心;look down on轻视,瞧不起。
18.make up/make out/make no sense/make up for/make the most of make up构成,化妆;make out理解,明白(事理);make no sense没有意义;make up for弥补; make the most of充分利用。
19.pay back / pay off / pay for pay back(向某人)还钱;pay off付清;pay for为……付费。
20.pick up / pick out pick up拿起,(为某人)收拾,(开车)接人,接收(信号、声音、图像等),(偶然)学会;pick out精心挑选,辨别出。
【易混短语辨析】1. since then / from then on / ever since / ever before since then意为"从那时以来",通常与动词的现在完成时连用,指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。
from then on意为"从那时起",通常与动词的一般过去时连用,指过去某一时刻之后的时间。
ever since 意为"自……以后,从……起",其中since是副词,意为"从那以后",通常与延续性动词的完成时态连用。
ever before的意思是"在以往任何时候",常出现在than后面,其中before是副词,有时可以省略,ever用以加强语气。
2. on board /on the board /on the boards on board泛指"在船上",还可指"在飞机(火车,公共汽车等)上"。
这个习语也可接船名或船的类型(如:on board the Dongfeng在东风号上;on board a liner在邮轮上)。
on the board除可表示"在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上"外,还可表示"在会上讨论"。
on the boards中的boards是"舞台"的意思,其原义是"在舞台上",现常引申为"做演员"或"演出",常用在连系动词be后作表语。
3. too much/much too much too意为"太……",相当于very。
too much意为"太多",可修饰不可数名词;若修饰可数名词,则用too many。
4. on the air/in the air/in the open air on the air意为"正在播送(电视、广播)";in the air意为"在传播中,可感觉到的,流行";in the open air意为"在户外"。
5. at a distance/in the distance at a distance是"从远处"的意思,表示一定的距离、近距离或可以说明具体的距离,其不定冠词a有时可以省略或是改为some。
in the distance表示在"在远处",强调距离之远。