Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed withhuman qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of AmericaV. Rhetorical devices1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic,and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1)2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection forBecky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is theDeclaration of Independence. (Para. 15)2. Metaphore.g. 1) …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (Para. 1)2) …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (Para. 3)3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is todisparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is most oftenrestricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility andcontempt.e.g. 1)…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. (Para. 6)2) …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night. (Para. 13)4. Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring anda recklessness of cost or consequences”5. Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g. 1)…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para. 5)2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.6. euphemisme.g. 1) He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas whodiligently avoided contact with the enemy.2) he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthlystruggles7. metonymye.g. …but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the WorldVII: Rhetorical devices1. Metaphor:No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2. Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3. Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.4. Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.5. Ridicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6. Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.7. Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.8. AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.9. Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10. Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11. synecdoche1) the case had erupted round my head12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法)Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?IV. Rhetorical devices1. Personification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times, ...felt itThe Journal ...saw...2. Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on Life3. Sarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life...."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.4. Assonance:The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...5. Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...(metonymy)What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...6. MetonymyThe Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes......very little light on Lincoln...on Life7. Zeugma:a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g. John and his driving licence expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g. with weeping eyes and hearts). Compare with syllepsis.(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts中）。