土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction内摩擦角ϕ、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力σaverage heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、Nγ[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度ρ'buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C c coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k h coefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、rαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、1tα、2tαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、cαcoefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index压缩指数C ccompression(constrained modulus)压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-log p曲线）compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P[static]cone penetration test[CPT]静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、ϕcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、ϕcuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -t 和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s c consolidation test (contain compression test )固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验）constrained diameter of soil partical限制粒径 d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力）contaminated soil 污染土corner-point method 角点法Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure库伦土压力理论creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load ofsubsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石 culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验 Ddamping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础deep mixing method 深层搅拌法 degree of compaction 压实度λcdegree of consolidation 固结度Udegree of saturation 饱和度S r densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度 depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性 diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed samples 扰动土样double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ϕddrained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验drift-sand 流砂［现象］dry density 干密度ρddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E ddynamic load 动荷载 dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G ddynamic strain ，stress 动应变εd 、动应力σd EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料 earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E 0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学 earth －rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress) 超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C e expansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂[现象]fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface 地下水位freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base基底摩擦系数μfriction－resistance ratio摩阻比frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性frozen soils 冻土GGap－graded soil不连续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slices[GPS]普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc、σczgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles土工织物glacial soils 冰积土grading curve 级配曲线grain size 粒径grain size accumulation curve粒径累计（积）曲线granularity 粒度gravel 圆砾gravelly sand 砾砂gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水gravity density 重［力密］度γgravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c、g q、gγground treatment 地基处理ground water 地下水、潜水ground water level [GWL],groundwater elevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体）Hansen’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度head [of water] 水头Hheavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT]重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度Hheigth of tensile area 拉力区高度hhigh liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Ihydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic pressure 静水压力Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s dimpermeable lager，impervious stratum不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载influence coefficients of settlement沉降影响系数ω、ωo、ωc、ωm、ωrinitial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验intermediam liquid limit clay [CI]中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀isotropic soil各向同性土JJanbu’s method of slices 杨布条分法jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法joint节理Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K0－consolidation K0固结Llaminar flow 层流landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx,σcy laterite红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法length of foundation base 基础底面长度l limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w P linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度liquid limit[LL] 液限w Lliquidity index[LI] 液性指数I Lloading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML]低液限粘土、粉土MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩）major, intermediate, minor principle stress大、中、小主应力σ1、σ2、σ3marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法maximum ，minimum void ratio最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdminmaximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30medium sand 中砂 meniscus 弯液面 metamorphic rock 变质岩 method of slice 条分法 mingle soils 混合土 miscellaneous fill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E 0 弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量 modulus of resilience 回弹模量 Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律moisture-density test 击实试验moisture ,water content 含水量(率)w montmorillonite 蒙脱石 muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土mulching soils 覆盖土mud pumping 翻浆冒泥Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σznon-cohesive soils 无粘性土non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils]正常固结土Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 （压密）optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils] 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR] 超固结（过压密）比 Pparameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water 上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow 塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain 塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p c preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load 比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test 快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D rresidual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石running sand 流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravity density 饱和重度γsatscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow] 渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Qseepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz 、σcsemi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s、ϕsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base 基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil 地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress总应力σtotal stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密）two-dimensional flow 二维流turbulent flow 紊流Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil 重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunder consolidated soil 欠固结土underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)uniformly distributed load 均布荷载undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu、粘聚力c u、内摩擦角ϕυ[unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ[un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土VVan der Waals’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力[field]Vane shear test [FVT][现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation竖向平均固结度zUvertical force of foundation top基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T vVesic’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity魏锡克极限承载力公式vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic］ viscosity［动力］粘[滞]度ηvoid ratio 孔隙比evolumetric strain 体应变volume of soil，soil particles (solids), water , air土、土粒、土中水、土中气的体积V、V s、V w、V avolume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率WWater，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρwidth of foundation base 基础底面宽度bYyeilding flow 塑流yellow clay ,loess 黄土yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E11 / 11。