1、Brief Introduction of Charles ChaplinC harlie Chaplin (1889-1977)Charlie Chaplin was a British comedy actor, becoming the most famous actor in the early to mid Hollywood cinema era, and also a notable director. His principal character was ―the Tramp‖:a vagrant with the refined manners and dignity of a gentleman who wears a tight coat, oversized trousers and shoes, a bowler hat, a bamboo cane, and his signature toothbrush moustache. Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities in the silent film era: He acted in, directed, scripted, produced, and eventually even scored his own films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 70 years, from the British Victorian stage and Music Hall in England as a child performer, almost until his death at the age of 88. He led one of the most remarkable and colorful lives of the 20th century, from a Dickens-like London childhood to the pinnacle of world fame in the film industry and as a cultural icon. His high-profile public and private life encompassed highs and lows of both adulation and controversy.Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London, England, on April 16th 1889. He wore his mother’s old red stockings cut down for ankle socks. His father was a versatile vocalist and actor; and his mother, known under the stage name of Lily Harley, was an attractive actress and singer, who gained a reputation for her work in the light opera field. But his mother was temporarily declared mad. Charlie was thrown on his own resources before he reached the age of ten as the early death of his father and the subsequent illness of his mother made it necessary for Charlie and his brother, Sydney, to fend for themselves.Having inherited natural talents from their parents, the youngsters took to the stage as the best opportunity for a career. Charlie made his professional debut as a member of a juvenile group called ―The Eight Lancashire Lads‖ and rapidly won popular favour as an outstanding tap dancer.查尔斯斯宾塞卓别林出生于英国伦敦，4月16日1889年。
他的父亲是一个多才多艺的歌手和演员，他的母亲，是一个迷人的女演员和歌手，获得了她在轻歌剧领域的工作的声誉。
查理父亲早逝，接下来几年他母亲又患病，卓别林和他的弟弟不得不开始自力更生。
从他们的父母有继承的天赋，青少年走上舞台，作为一个职业生涯最好的机会。
2. What of his career?1889年4月16日生于伦敦。
幼年丧父，曾在游艺场和巡回剧团卖艺或打杂。
1913年，随卡尔诺哑剧团去美国演出，被美国导演M.塞纳特看中，从此开始了他的电影生涯。
Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performe rs to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Senne tt, the king of Hollywood comedy films.1914年2月28日，头戴圆顶礼帽、手持竹手杖、足登大皮靴、走路像鸭子的流浪汉夏尔洛的形象首次出现在影片《阵雨之间》中。
这一形象成为卓别林喜剧片的标志，风靡欧美20余年。
20世纪20年代初，卓别林的电影在中国已经广为流行。
在1915年9月，他的喜剧短片开始在上海上映，上海的报纸几乎每天都登有卓别林主演的电影广告，中国观众亲切地称他为“滑稽大王”、“快活大王”。
1889年4月16日，卓别林诞生在英国伦敦的一个贫民区。
他的父母都是喜剧演员，经常在伦敦的游艺场里演出。
后来父母离异，母亲带着他和比他大四岁的哥哥，生活十分贫苦。
由于过度劳累，母亲染上了喉炎，卓别林五岁那年，母亲在一次演唱时，由于嗓音过于微弱，被观众哄下了舞台。
管事灵机一动，让卓别林代替母亲演出，卓别林故意用沙哑的嗓子学妈妈唱歌，没想到观众却大为欣赏，报以热烈的掌声。
卓别林就这样第一次登上了舞台。
卓别林不满10岁时，为了挣钱，参加了“兰开夏八童伶剧团”，与其他孩子一起，穿着木屐跳舞、唱歌，往往累得脸色苍白，母亲看到他日益消瘦，十分心疼，就让他离开了这个舞蹈班。
生性活泼好动的卓别林，一直向往当一名真正的演员，他曾随闯荡江湖的戏班巡回演出，还曾在一个马戏团里当过杂技演员。
1907年，卓别林被伦敦专演滑稽哑剧的卡尔诺剧团录用，他刻苦训练，精益求精，把杂技、戏法、舞蹈、插科打诨、令人发笑的忧郁和让人流泪的笑巧妙而自然地融为一体，初步形成了他后来的那种独特的哑剧风格，几年过去，卓别林成了卡尔诺剧团的台柱，获准到法国和美国等地演出。
1913年底，好莱坞的启斯东制片公司看中了卓别林，和他订了一年的合同，卓别林为启斯东公司拍摄了35个短片，从《赛车记》开始，卓别林那有名的化妆：圆顶帽、小胡子、灯笼裤、大皮鞋和文明棍就陆续出现在银幕上了。
卓别林对此曾经解释说，小胡子是虚荣心的象征；瘦小的外衣和肥大的裤子是一系列可笑行为和笨拙举止的写照；而手杖，不但是纨绔子弟的标记，而且可以用它勾住别人的腿或肩膀，增加喜剧效果。
与启斯东公司合同期满后，卓别林又先后与爱赛耐公司、缪区尔公司、第一家公司等签订合同，1918年，卓别林受到英、美罢工工人的启示，拍摄了《狗的生涯》，描写流浪汉夏尔洛露宿街头，处处受辱的悲惨遭遇，1919年，卓别林和他的好友范朋克等组成了联美公司，1925年，完成了轰动一时的长片《淘金记》，描写19世纪末美国发生的淘金狂潮。
《淘金记》在卓别林的艺术生涯中承前启后，是他早期作品的总结，又为他以后更成熟的作品奠定了基础。
电影1：《流浪汉》The Tramp (1915)查理是个落魄街头的流浪汉，心地淳厚善良。
为了救济其它流浪者，甚至能将自己三明治留给别人。
偶然一次，遇到了一个农民的女儿，在帮助她的过程中发生了意想不到事情……今天看来，这部影片的价值完全超越了故事本身卓别林借《流浪汉》一片奠定了自己最经典的银幕形象：黑色高礼帽，翘头，大皮鞋，一只小拐杖和一撮小胡子。
这个极具亲和力的造型迅速让观众喜欢上了其貌不扬卓别林。
卓别林本人对这个标志性设计也颇为满意。
日后很多作品中也延续了这个形象。
事实上，卓别林凭这一形象在好莱坞扩大影响力有着水到渠成的启示意义：其一, 当年美国银幕上缺少贴近平民的草根形象。
男演员多半鲁道夫•瓦伦蒂诺式偶像派养眼异常却不食人间烟火；二略有夸张的穿着给卓别林提供了绝佳的刷宝余地身高1米73 卓别林好莱坞属于小个子这种与大众情人式绅士扮相有的巨大落差，视觉上容易给人带来妙趣横生全新感受；第三卓别林早期拍摄了大量短片，也尝试了不同风格，人物塑造这一绅士形象的确立。
从本质上讲也是卓别林孜孜不倦，不断试水的成果。
Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chapli n’s Tramp a bit, well, “crude”. Certainly middle-class audiences did; the worki ng-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted agai nst authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-p laced kick at its broad rear. All the same, Chaplin’s comi c beggar didn’t seem all that English or even working-class. English tramps d idn’t sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and It alian waiters wore things like that. Then a gain, the Tramp’s quick eye for a p retty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that’s how foreigners behaved, wasn’t it? But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.令人遗憾的是，20世纪二三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉” 多少有点“粗俗” 。