结构性增补1. He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes.他连续播音四个小时，没有出现任何差错。
（增补谓语动词“出现”）2. The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone.这些大的遗址，过去曾是进行重要的政治、经济和宗教活动的场所，现在几乎当然无存了。
（增补状语“过去…现在…”）3. Some people say there is disappointment in their own cherished beliefs about people and a city they once loved.有人说，过去人们是可以信赖的，自己喜爱的城市是可以信赖的，现在这种信念已经破灭了。
（同上）4. Because the space is so great，it is difficult to work out how far away a star is.因为天空太大了,所以很难计算出一颗恒星有多远。
译文中“所以”两字就是为了使句子结构完整而加上去的。
语义性增补1. Instead of kilometers，we have light-years.在宇宙中不是用公里而是用光年表示距离。
为了使译文意义完整且易于理解,翻译过程中增加了“在宇宙中”和“表示距离”八个字。
修辞性增补1. Where there is water, there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
2. Hope means enthusiasm, strength and progresses.希望就是热情，就是力量，就是进步。
3. She is good at both painting and calligraphy.她既擅长画画，又擅长书法。
语气修辞上的增补英译汉,有时按英文词句译成中文后,意义上基本正确了,但还不够准确,不如原文那样鲜明生动。
这时就需要增加一些词语,以便把语气充分地表达出来。
这种语气修辞性增补要做到准确、恰如其分,处理起来较难。
请看下例:If you want to answer these and other kinds of questions， just turn on the TV and watch.如果你想回答这些或其它问题的话,只要打开电视看就行了。
“就行了”属于语气上的增补。
外化性增补1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch a new attack while holding out the olive branch.狡猾的敌人,一边伸出橄榄枝,表示愿意讲和,一边在准备发动新的进攻. .(那些狡猾的士兵决定在他们求和的同时发起新的攻击)2. Can leopard change his spots? (豹子能改变它的斑点吗？这叫江山易改，本性难改）1.. Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used.我们来想一个可以使用这个习语的场合。
（省略关系副词）2.Let’s go and try it agaain.(省连词)3.University applications who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取.4.85% of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.参加最近民意测验的人中有百分之八十五对此一无所知,虽然有百分之五十三的人说他们觉得这东西听起来相当重要.第三节重复法1..As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.谈到健康问题,我就没什么可说的了,因为我沒怎么生过病.我想吃什么就吃什么,想喝什么就喝什么,眼睛睁不开了就睡觉,从来不为对身体有益而搞什么活动,然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都是有助于增进身体健康的.2.Mr. Tede, a tall, strapping man even at age 76, said that before the mugging, he went where he wanted, when he wanted, without fear.泰德先生个子很高,虽然已经76岁,却非常健壮.他说,在他被抢以前,想去哪儿就去哪儿,想什么时候去就什么时候去,从不提心吊胆.第四节转换法1. The document definitively covers every conceivable issue dealing with the seas, from the definition of what constitutes an island to the jurisdiction over fish that live in fresh water but spawn in the ocean.这份文件涉及能够想到的每一个与海洋有关的问题,从岛屿的定义,到对在淡水生长而在海洋产卵的鱼类的管辖权,都作了明确的规定.2.To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’s theory eventually shook the whole scientific and intellectual world.为什么爱因斯坦的学说最后震撼了整个科学界和思想界,这对大多数人来说是难以解释清楚的.3.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers.地质学家是研究岩石的科学家,他们可以为钻探石油的人指明哪些地方可能有油.第五节分合移位法拆分1. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.研究结果表明:大多数医生深信患重病的人并不想知道自己的真实情况.如果将病情如实相告,则有可能是他们完全失去希望,其结果势必导致康复速度减慢或病情进一步恶化,甚至自寻短见.2. My opinion of you is that no man knows better than you when to speak and when others to speak for you; when to make scenes and threaten resignation; and when to be as cool as a cucumber.没有人比你更懂得什么时候该开口,什么时候该由别人替你开口,什么时候该闹起来,以辞职相威胁,什么时候又该保持冷静.这就是我对你的看法.3. It was my own definite impression that the marine life in general went deeper down in the daytime than during the night, and that the darker the night was, the more life we had around us.我觉得海洋里的生物,一般说来,都是白天在海水深层活动,夜晚则浮上来,而且夜色越深,我们周围的海洋生物就越多.这是我的一种明确的印象.合并1. He was frightened into shaking and trembling.他吓得浑身发抖。
2. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All savings had been stolen.这个年轻人很惨，积攒的钱被人偷的一干二净，已落到了身无分文的地步。
（原文中有三个短句，翻译时，先将后两句换序再与前一句结合，比较符合汉语的叙事习惯。
3. I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.我感到有人走近，便伸出了手，以为是把手伸向母亲。
换序Only in emergencies can this reserve fund be used.译文：只有在紧急情况下，才能动用储备基金。
He is the only person alive in this traffic accident.译文：他是这次交通事故中唯一的幸存者。
The old professor in spectacles is the head of our department.译文：那个戴眼镜的老教授是我们的系主任。
Yesterday I caught sight of a lot of frogs, which were hopping cheerfully around a pond.译文：昨天我看到许多青蛙，它们在池塘周围欢快地跳跃着。