Works:Part 1. The Literature of Colonial AmericaJohn Smith 1580-1631 1 first American writer A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony;A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country;The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer IslesRoger Williams 1603-16831 Begins the history of religioustoleration in AmericaA key into the Language of AmericaEdward Taylor 1612-16721 The best of the puritan poets No publishing of his work, most treat religious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms.Thomas Jefferson 1743-18261 The first American secretary ofstateDrafted the Declaration of IndependenceThomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Agrarian Justice --last important treaties1 Great Commoner of Mankind2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellionPhilip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832Father of American Poetry The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period2 “Poet of the American Revolution”3 herald American literary independenceAnne Bradstreet The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America, To My Dear and Loving Husband.1 One of the most interesting of the early of the poets.Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will, The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended, The Nature of True Virtue, Sinners in the Hand of a Angry GodBenjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard‟s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；Autobiography自传1 aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence2. One of the first major writers.Part 2. Early RomanticismHenry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗establish his poetical reputation;V oices of the Night夜吟the first collection of poems;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生礼赞;The tide rises, the tide falls; The secret of the Sea./Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗；Outre-Mer in loving imitation of The Sketch Book; Hyperion(romance) Dramatic work: Michael Angelo1 The most beloved American poet of his time2 the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster AbbeyWilliam Cullen Bryant Thanatopsis(17 view of death), To a Waterfowl (the peak of his work)--the most perfect brief poem in the language-- Matthew Arnold1 one of the great editors of American journalism2 the first American to gain the stature of a major poetJames Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集(5):The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者-- the nearest approach yet to an American epic--Allan Nevins1 the first American novelist began his literary career on a dareWashington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉; Rip Van Winkle.1 the first great prose stylist of American Romanticism2 the first great belletrist 纯文学作者3 the first modern short stories and the frist great American juvenileliterature4 the only American writer of his generation who could chide the Britishin an atmosphere of good humorPart 3. TranscendentalismRalf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:N ature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者-- “our intellectual Declaration of Independence”-- Oliver Wendell Holmes;Divinity; The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说; Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河1 responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England --the leader of the movement2 one of the most influential American thinkers, yet he had no elaborate , formal system of thought and he never attempted to create oneHenry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862 Wadde华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府--no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government ;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers1 Emerson’s truest disciple 门徒2 self-reliance and independence of mind3 no sense of being confined by the narrow geographical limits of his lifePart 4. High RomanticsEdgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头; Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集free verse, about man and nature:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌; I sit and look out; O Captain, My Captain.1 one of great innovators in American literatureEmily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 I‟m nobody! Who are You? Success is counted sweetest. There‟s acertain slant of light. A bird came down the walk. The soul selects her own society. I died for beauty---but was scarce, …Twas just this time, last year, I died. Because I could not stop for death. Wild nights—wild nights! I heard a fly buzz—when I died-. If you were coming in the Fall. The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的1 ranked as one of America;s great poets2 a writer of great power and beautyOne could take a single household and an inactive life, and make enchanting poetry out of itThe range of her poetry suggests not her limited experiences but the power of her creativity and imaginationNathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像1 the largest brain with the largest heart-- Melville2 his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appears strongly in his short stories: Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown , Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment, The ambitious Guest, The great Stone Face--P171 一Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Masterpiece: Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee 泰比 a romanticized account of his stay among the Polynesians;Omoo 奥穆his adventures on Tahiti and other islands;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本his first voyage to England ;White Jacket白外衣his brief career in the navy;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德drew upon his naval experiences again1 a whaling ship, was my Yale College and my Harvard2 the man who lived among cannibals3 to write a mighty book you must have a mighty theme--Moby Dick The ship Pequod-- a world in miniaturePart 5. RealismWilliam Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗first novel-- Watch and Ward--he prefered Roderick Hudson评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术1 help to transform the novel from its alliances with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art form of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest form of experience.Part 6. Local Colorism FictionMark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代written in collaboration with Dudley Warner;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人. How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. NaturalismTheodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘the first of a long succession of books that marked his turn to writing as a full-time career ;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗1 Dreiser’s novels are direct projections of his inner life as well as careful transcriptions of his experiencesPart 8. Modern PoetryEzra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972 The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley; A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条; Personage 面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）Homage to Sextus Propertius is a masterpiece1 the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an imaginative instrumentWallace Stevens华莱Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes士·史蒂文斯1879-1955 Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集; The Emperor of Ice-cream;1 The vice-president of the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company2 The National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize-Collected Poems诗集3 later poetry: the interrelation between the ideal and the real --the constant theme (“imagination and reality”)E. A. Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说--came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt ；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集; Richard Cory; Miniver Cheevy--realistic attitudes1 one of the most productive of the new poets in the late years of the nineteenth century2 Pulitzer Prize in 1922, 1925 and 19283 simple--surface simplicity serves to conceal an intricacy and subtlety of thought4 like Robert Frost, noted for his use of a dry, sometimes biting , New England humorD. Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路); West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树; Two Roads Diverged in the Woods; Mending Wall.1 receives honorary degrees from 44 colleges and universities2 4 Pulitzer Prizes3 reads the poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy at 874 rejects the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead “the old-fashioned way to be new ”5 for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of and indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed.Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯·艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）--first book;The Waste Land荒原masterpiece (The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三beautiful in language, difficult in symbolism;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案a drama of impressive spiritual power;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会--they created interest as experimental theater1 The Nobel Prize in 1948Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896 Uncle Tom‟s Cabin(The Man That Was a Thing);A Key to Uncle Tom‟s Cabin; Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp--antislavery novelA society resting on slavery could not long surviveO. Henry (William Sidney Porter) The Four Million-best volume-indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, no simply the upper “Four Hundred”.Best individual stories: A Retried Reformation;The Gift of the Magi;A Municipal Report;An Unfinished Story;A Lickpenny Lover;The Furnished Room;The Cop and the Anthem;The Trimmed Lamp;Heart of the West;Cabbages and Kings; etc1 two endings: an unexpected ending, a still better surprise2 local color: slang and colloquial expression make them hard to be understood by people outside of America3 the American literary circles set up O. Henry Award in 19184 one of the most prolific 多产的modern American short story writersF. Scott Fitzgerald 1896-1940 First novel: This Side of Paradise--portrayal of the casual dissipations of “flaming youth”--an immediate commercial successSecond novel: the Beautiful and Damned& a collection of short stories, Tales of the Jazz AgeSatirical play , the Vegetable (or from President to Postman)The Great Gatsby--critical success but a commercial disappointment Tender Is the Night --although it is a precise indictment of irresponsible social values of the 1930s, critics harshly accused him of ignoring the Depression while writing a frivolous novel about neurotic Americans who preferred Europe over their native landLast novel The Last Tycoon, remained unfinished1 one of the major American prose writers of twentieth centuryErnest Hemingway 1899-1961 First book: Three stories and Ten PoemsThe Sun Also Rises--became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a lost generation”Primary concern: individual’s “moment of truth”His lifelong preoccupation with stories of war : A Farewell to Arms, 1929(both to war and to love) and For Whom the Bell Tolls,1940(restate his view of love found and lost and describe the indomitable spirit of the common people )The bullfight: Death in the Afternoon 1932The hunt: The Green Hills of Africa 1935The Old Man and the Sea: the old fisherman Santiago1 Nobel Prize for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”2 Across the River and into the Trees: Richard Cantwell --miniatureJohn Steinbeck 1902-1968 Tortilla Flat1935 煎饼坪;Dubious Battle--most clearly “proletarian”novel of class struggle ；Of Mice and Men 1937 friendship of two itinerant workers who yearn for a permanent home they will never find; The Long Valley1938, the fate of the lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction; The Grapes of Wrath--his masterpiece,broken dreams of the migrants and the affirmation of the ability of the common people to endure and prevail.The Sea of Cortez 1941-- “what we have always wanted is an unchangeable, and we have found that only a compass point, a thought, and individual ideal, does not change.”1 Pulitzer Prize in 19402 Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962William Faulkner 1897-1962 Sanctuary 1931; best sellSartoris --the setting is Oxford--prototype 原型The Sound and the Fury1929A Rose for EmilyAs I Lay Dying 1930Light in August 1932Absalom, Absalom! 1936The Hamlet 1940+ The Town 1957+ The Mansion 1959--trilogy on the Snopes familyGo Down, Moses 1942Last novel:The ReiversResumed his career with Intruder in the DustRequiem for a Nun --a kind of sequel to Sanctuary1 Novel Prize for Literature 19492 began his literary career as a poet rather than a fiction writer3 create a cosmos of his own4 the dislocation of narrative time and use of stream-of-consciousness techniques5 the greatest writer of fiction that the United States has yet produced.。