Unit 1safety management systemAccident causation models ﻩ事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physicalconditions ﻩ物质条件Machineguardingﻩ机械保护装置House—keeping工作场所管理Topmanagement 高层管理人员Human errors人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factoryﻩ军工厂Causal factorsﻩ起因Riskingtakingﻩ冒险行为Corporateculture 企业文化Lossprevention 损失预防Process industryﻩ制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study广泛研究Organizationalperformance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safetyofficerﻩ安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floorﻩ生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniorityﻩ资历、工龄Local culture当地文化Absenteeism rateﻩ缺勤率Power relationsﻩ权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower—level management低层管理者Business performanceﻩ组织绩效Most seniorexecutive 高级主管Supervisory level监督层Safety principleﻩ安全规则Wall—boardﻩ公告栏Implement planﻩ执行计划Hazardidentification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presentedbySchein who has said theorganizational cultureis“a pattern of basic assumptions–invented, discovere d,or developedby agiven group as itlearns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration– that h as worked well enoughto be consideredvalidand,therefore, to betaught to new membersas the correct way to perceive, thin k,and feel in relation to thoseproblems”译文:Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的.由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。
The safety culture ofan organization isthe product of individual and group values,attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and pa tternsofbehavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of,an organization’shealthandsafety management.译文:组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成:个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式.这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任,以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。
Unit2System Safety EngineeringSystem safetyengineering 系统安全工程By-product附带产生的结果Engineeringpracticeﻩ工程实践Safetyproblem 安全问题Acceleratingtechnology 快速发展的技术Safetyeffort ﻩ安全投入System's life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectivenessﻩ系统有效性Logical reasoning ﻩ逻辑推理Potential accidentﻩ潜在事故Accidentcause 事故原因Logical programmingﻩ合理的规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria安全标准Government regulations ﻩ政府管制System operation 系统运行Systemanalysis 系统分析Systemdesign 系统设计Aid inﻩ有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problemsﻩ安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operationphase 运行阶段Performancereviewsﻩ绩效评估Disposalphase 处理阶段Intuitiveprocess直觉过程Makedecisions做决定Hazard controlﻩ危险控制Protectiveapparelﻩ防护服Engineeringsolutions工程方法/手段Protective devicesﻩ保护装置Warningdevicesﻩ报警装置Incorrect interpretationﻩ误解Hazardous material 危险物质Workarea layout工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Trainingsessions培训会议Safetypromotion programsﻩ安全促进项目Administrativesolutions行政方法/手段Personnelselection人员选择Safety shoesﻩ安全鞋Safetybelt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical systemﻩ技术系统Responsible official 负责人Hazard analysisisnot anintuitive process.For ananalysis to be meaningful,it must be logical,accurate, descriptive ofthe system,and based onvalidassumptions。
Its successlargelydepends on the skilland knowledgeofthose conducting the analysis。
Anyone who hasa thorough,working knowledge of bot hthesystem under consideration and theanalysistechnique to beused mayperform a hazard analysis。
Inpractice, the efforts of several persons withvarying backgroundsare usually required toassurethat meaningful andcomprehensive hazardinformation is obtained.译文:危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。
对于一个有意义的分析,必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述.它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。
只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解,任何人都可以进行危险分析。
在实践过程中,要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息,必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。
System safetyengineering isarelatively new approach toacciden tprevention.Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve thesafety of the complex technical systems that arecommon intoday's society。
It isbased on theideas that accidents result from anumber ofinteracting causes within a system, andthateachcause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated,and controlled.Through thelogical application ofscientific and management principles over the life cycleof a system,system safety engineering attemptstoachievean optimum degree of safety.译文:安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。
它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。
它基于这样一个思想,即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的,理论上,各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估,并得到控制。
通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管理原则,系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。
The efforts necessary toachievethe desired degree of safety are usually organized intoformal programs。