第一讲引发激烈讨论，热门话题，激烈争论，广泛关注heated, hot, long-running, controversial, hotly-debateda matter of (global )concern, (burning, pressing, thorny)issue, controversy, subject, focus, topic. be put on the agendatrigger, spark, arouseintense, fierce, contentious/ debate, discussion, argumentarouse people’s wide concern/ / wide public concern/curiosity/attention,make people worriedbecome public focus/ the focus of the societymore and more people---an increasing number of peoplemore and more useful---increasingly useful人---事物More and more people waste ---The growing rate of waste have people calling it an epidemica lot of ---a considerable number of/ massive/different people have different ideas towards it----people’s ideas towards it differ from one to another. ., views on this issue vary greatly.try to—attempt to, intend tothink – argue, claim , deem , insistif – provided that, assuming that, supposing that一写作常用关键词句：1．认为，断言：think, believe, argue, hold, contend, state, claim, suppose, advocate, assume, point out, point to, allege, assertpersonally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, for my part2．许多：a large number of, a large amount of, a considerable number of, a host of, dozens of, scores of, the bulk of, a majority of 大部分的，a minority of小部分的3．如今、目前：in contemporary society, nowadays, at present, recently, currently, in recent decades 4．越来越：increasing, growing5．重要，必要，肯定主导，关键，根本, 意义重大：important, necessary, essential, vital, crucial, influential, overwhelming, primary, overriding, principal，fundamental, elementary, cardinal, significant, indispensable, dominant, key, leading, prominent, decisive, major, gist, crux关键，症结所在6．关注、重视、强调、优先考虑、把…放首要位置：highlight, pay attention to, attract…, raise…concern, arouse… concern, call for…concern, attach importance to, give p riority to, lay emphasis/stress on7．不予重视、忽视、低估、次要：downplay, overlook, ignore, neglect, underestimate, secondary in importance8．赞成、支持：applaud, favor, advocate, in favor of, be side with, in agreement with, go for, vote, proponent支持者9．反对：oppose, protest, frown皱眉，object to, go against, disagree with, opponent反对者10．一致意见：consensus, it is universally acknowledged that…, it is generally accepted 11．有争议的问题、热点问题、棘手的问题、关注的问题：a controversial issue, a heated topic,a burning problem, a thorny issue, a matter of concern, a subject of fierce debate12．归因于，源自于：ascribe to, attribute to, result from, is associated with, arise from, derive from, stem from, originate from (in), grow form, a source of13．因为，由于：by virtue of, in light of, due to, thanks to, owing to, because of, be responsible for14．导致、造成：contribute to, lead to, result in, bring about, create, give rise to, trigger, ignite, cause, generate, promote, breed, induce15．往往，表趋势：tend to, be prone to, be inclined to, have a tendency to16．可能：may, perhaps, be likely to, possibly, it is very likely that…, it is predicted that…预测17．发生，出现，产生：take place, occur, arise, bring about, create, cause, emerge, turn out, work out18．常常：often, frequently, more often than not19．偶尔：occasionally, sometimes, once in a while, on some occasions20．有…影响：exert …effects on, have an effect/ impact/ influence on21．不管，尽管：no matter…, regardless of, despite, in spite of22．塑造、培养：cultivate, develop, foster, mould, shape, build23．增强：promote, strengthen, enhance, intensify, magnify, amplify24．接触到：expose…to, have/ get access to25．能给，能使，能让：give, let, make, offer, promise, bring, provide, allow, render, ensure, equip…with, furnish…with, encourage, enable sb. to do sth.liberate/ free/ release sb. from.. 26．优点、优势：pro, merit, strength, advantage, benefit, positive27．缺点、弱势：con, fault, flaw, weakness, downside, drawback, disadvantage, negative 28．如果、假设：imagine that, provided that, suppose that, on condition that29．破坏、损害、有害：destroy, damage, spoil, ruin, undermine, endanger, jeopardize, impair,temper, do harm to , be detrimental to, be hazardous,30．阻碍，妨碍：hinder, hamper, block, keep…from, obstacle to, barrier to,31．构成潜在威胁/危害：pose potential threat/ danger/ risk to32．有益，有助于：be beneficial/ instrumental/ helpful/ conducive/ favorable/ optimal, facilitate 33．伴随：along with, together with, be accompanied by34．关于：in terms of, with regards to, as to35．呈现，展现，描述：show, display, illustrate, exhibit, describe, depict, demonstrate, unfold, point to the fact that…36．不可否认：there is no denying that…, it is an undeniable fact that…37．毫无疑问：it is no doubt that…, admittedly38．普遍，流行，受欢迎：prevalent, prevail, enjoy/ gain popularity39．当谈到，谈及：when it comes to…,40．让我/我们想到：it occurs to me/ us that…41．目睹、见证：The 20th century witnessed/ saw that…42．明显,突出的(adj): conspicuous/ striking /prominent /eminent/ noticeable/remarkable/ obvious/ apparent/ evident/ significant43．很大地，非常地（表示程度）：significantly, considerably, surprisingly, greatly, highly, hugely, largely, tremendously, enormously, overwhelmingly, remarkably, strikingly, substantially, essentially, vastly, entirely, badly,44．合理的，可行的，恰当的：reasonable, rational, sensible, appropriate, proper, sound, plausible貌似合理的，45．证明，证实：confirm, prove, justify, verify,46．反驳：protest, refute47．怀疑，质疑：doubt, doubtful, suspect, be suspicious of, skeptic, be skeptical of（这类词语还可参照我的阅读分类词汇）二Sentence and words1.rich –大部分是复合句,有分词结构.2.high-level –定语从句,强调句,倒装句,虚拟语气3.词语可换说法，即便是名词也可换说法。