八大时态
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在完成时
过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时
一般将来时
现在进行时
一般现在时
表示经常性或习惯性的动作
表示现在的状态
表示普遍事实或真理
一般现在时结构
当主语不是第三人称单数时： 肯定句 ：主语+动词原形+其它 否定句 ：主语+don't+动词原形+其它 一般疑问句： Do+主语+动词原形+其它
当主语是第三人称单数时： 动词变相应的第三人称单数形式 肯定句：主语+动词第三人称单数形式+其它 否定句：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它 一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+其它
一般现在时结构
规则
一把把动词在词尾加-s read like play pass teach wash do carry fly
现在完成时用法
.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already（肯定句中），yet（否定，疑问，句 末)just,before,recently,still,lately,never等：
They have already finished the work.
Have you ever seen a UFO?
2）This is the… that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
一般过去时结构
含有be动词的一般过去时的主结构： 主语+was/were+表语 His father was very busy last week.
含有实义动词（行为动词）的一般过去时的主结构： 主语+动词的过去时+其它 He played basketball yesterday.
现在完成时
动词原形
reads likes plays
动词单三形式
以s，sh，ch，x或o结尾 的词加-es
passes teaches washes does carries flies
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加-es
一般现在时用法
表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语：always，usually， every morning/night/evening/day/week/year， often，sometimes，occasionally，from time to time， twice a week，rarely，seldom，once a month，hardly，ever， never.
（2）主语+would（should或could）+动词原形+其它
He promised that he would help me. 他答应他会帮助我。 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
过去将来时的结构
（3）某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时 come, go, leave, arrive, start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词 可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
过去完成时
过去的过去
过去
现在
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即句 子中的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
Lily had just left when we arrived。
过去完成时用法
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 用by, at, before 等构成的短语 How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? At the age of six she had learned to play the piano. We had got to the station before seven o'clock.
过去将来时的结构
（1）主语+be（was或were）going to+动词原形（v.原)+其它 I was sure they were going to do that. 我肯定他们会做那件事 She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发。 I was told that he was going to return home.他告诉我他准备要回家。
I leave home for school at 7：00 every morning. She/He/It gets up at 6:00 every day.
一般过去时
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，长和表 示过去的时间状语连用 例如：yesterday，last night，in+过去的年份， two days ago，before，the age of，the day before yesterday等。 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，长和表示频度的 时间状语连用 例如：often，always，once a week
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果rder when I was young.
表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在 ---Oh, I wonder whose car has been left in the “No Parking” zone. ---It might be Lisa's. I'm afraid. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）
过去将来时
“过去将来”是一个比较奇怪的概念。你可能知道什么叫“过去”， 也可能知道什么叫“将来”，但可能不明白什么叫“过去将来”。 根据字面意思来理解，“过去将来”就是指过去的将来，指的是以 过去时间为基点将要发生的情况。比如你说“我明天去”，这个 “明天”属于将来；如果你说“我那天说过我第二天会去的”，这 个“第二天”在现在看来，就是属于过去将来。请看： I will go tomorrow. 我明天去。 I said that I would go the next day. 我说过第二天会去的。
用when, before等引导的从句
The train had left before he reached the station. The film had already begun when we got to the station.
过去完成时用法
表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状 态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 He had lived in the house for five years . She said that she had lived here since 1980. I saw my brother yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left home.
Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完 成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.
过去完成时用法
过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…刚一...就, no sooner…than… 一...就, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。在 这类句型中，要注意，有时会用到倒装语句。
It was the second time that she had been late. Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到 这一消息就大声哭了起来 No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一 躺到床上就睡了。
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车第二
天早晨出发。
She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.
现在完成时用法
现在完成时态经常与表示频率的时间状语连用， 如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等：