遗传学(genetics)的研究内容
❖ Genetics: the science of heredity ,is at its core the study of biological information.
❖ Geneticists examine how organisms pass biological information on to their progeny and how they use it during their lifetime.
二、Experiment designate DNA
as the genetic material
❖ Chemical characterization localizes DNA in the chromosomes
❖ Bacterial transformation implicates DNA as the substance of genes
❖ 3.7billion years ago the earliest bacterial cell incorporated it into their chromosomes .
❖ About 2 billion years ago, when the eukaryotic precursors of plants, animals, and fungi evolved from simple cell, their chromosomes also carried a DNA molecular .
DNA
----bearer of genetic information
❖ Since that time: ❖ Evolution has honed and expanded the
software-the programs by which the molecular stores, transmits, and expresses genetic information. ❖ The hardware –the structure of the DNA molecular-has changed very little.
L.GOLDBERG.遗传学-从基因到基因组(GENETICS-from genes to genomes ).科学出版社.2019
遗传学(genetics)的研究内容
❖ All living organisms (from single –cell bacteria and protozoa to multicellular plants and animal ) must store 、replicate 、transmit biological information to the next generation，and use vast quantities of information to develop，grow， reproduce，and survive in their environments.
DNA
----bearer of genetic information
❖ Under special conditions of little or no oxygen, DNA can withstand a wide range of temperature, pressure, and humidity and remain relative intact for hundreds, thousands, even millions of years.
❖ This ancient DNA still carries readable sequence . Comparisons with equivalent expanses of modern DNA make it possible to identify the precise mutations that have fueled evolution .
第一章 遗传物质的基础
一、遗传物质
❖ 核酸是遗传物质，存在于任何生命形 式的有机体。
❖ DNA是最普遍的遗传物质。 ❖ 在少数低等生物中RNA是遗传物质。 ❖ DNA中贮存了大量的遗传信息。
DNA
----bearer of genetic information
❖ For nearly 4 bilห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ion years the double-stranded DNA molecule has served as the almost universal bearer of genetic information.
❖ Experiment of infecting bacterial cell with bacteriophages
Chemical characterization localizes DNA in the chromosomes
❖ 1869 friedrich extracted a weakly acidic ( phosphorus -rich material )and named “nuclein”, its major component turned out to be DNA- deoxyribonucleicacid , and it is found mainly in cell nuclei .
动物分子遗传学
冯登侦 宁夏大学农学院
主要参考书
❖ 1 徐晋麟等．现代遗传学原理．科学出版社， 2019 ❖ 2 阎隆飞等．分子生物学．中国农业大学出版社，2019 ❖ 3 孙乃恩等．分子遗传学．南京大学出版社，2019 ❖ 4 解生勇．分子细胞遗传学．中国农业科技出版社，2019 ❖ 5 李 宁等． 动物遗传学．中国农业出版社，2019 ❖ 6 杨业华．分子遗传学．中国农业出版社，2019 ❖ 7 李振刚．分子遗传学．科学出版社，2000 ❖ 8 朱玉贤等．现代分子生物学．高等教育出版社，2019 ❖ 9 林 剑．免疫遗传学．高等教育出版社，2019 ❖ 10 LELAND H.HARTWELL,LEROY HOOD,MICHAEL