➢ Structured abstract
➢ Non-structured
（4、5、6、8 elements）
Lesson2 “Abstract”
第二讲 “摘要”
Lesson2 “Abstract”
❖I. Importance of “abstract” ❖II. Writing about “abstract” ❖III. Reading about “abstract”
I. Background
Importance of Abstract
II. Writing about “abstract”
Part1.Requirement
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From form:
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Informational Function
（meaning of abstract：refining；miniature；highly condensed summary and conclusion）
A，Read articles on the most rapid, make up for lack of title B，facilitate the establishment of literature database
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1. The context for the work. 2. The purpose or objectives of the work (what was the research question or problem and why it is important). 3. Theoretical or experimental methods used. 4. Results (qualitative and quantitative). 5. Conclusions and their limitations (what was the meaning of the results). 6. Safety information concerning dangerous compounds or procedures if relevant. If the paper reports a new instrument or method then the abstract should include a description of its advantages and disadvantages compared to other established techniques. The abstract should not include trivial experimental details, references, figures or equations.
❖ nt requirements ，
Writing about abstract in accordance with the general requirements 。
II. Writing about “abstract”
Part2. Structure and content
Lesson2 “Abstract”
❖I. Importance of “abstract” ❖II. Writing about “abstract” ❖III. Reading about “abstract”
<<Biosensors and Bioelectronics>> Abstract :The abstract is the part of your paper which will be read by the largest number of scientists so it plays a crucial role. The abstract is a condensation of the information (facts) in the paper; it is not a description of the contents of the paper. The abstract should present as much as possible of the qualitative and quantitative information contained in the paper yet it should be brief (150 250 words), specific and self-contained. The abstract may include the following: