语法（五）—介词Ⅰ，介词的相关概念和用法：1，介词的概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，起“媒介”作用。

2，介词后加宾语，即名词或代词性质的词。

例如：I am in school . in the morning例如：Thanks for helping me .What about going for a walk ?3，介词的分类：①，时间介词；②，地点介词；③，方式介词；④，目的介词；⑤，原因介词；⑥，运动方向介词；⑦，比较介词；等等等等。

Ⅱ，介词的分类：一、表示时间的介词——常考的时间介词有at, in, on“在……”1. at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。

如：at six o’clock, at Easter2. in表示“在某一时间段”，如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等。

如：in July/summer/2000/ancient times/the 1999’sin the morning/afternoon/evening表示在特殊或具体的日子。

如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st , on Mid-autumn Day 4.注意：当表示时间的名词前，有this / last / next / every时，前面不需要加介词。

【小练习】：There are four seasons _________ a year.What do you wear _________ winter?We have no classes _________ Sundays.My birthday is _________ September.My birthday is _________ June 18th.( （） 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.A.on; onB. at; onC. in; inD. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. onB. inC. outD. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981.A. inB. atC. onD. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned____ a rainy night.A. onB. atC. inD. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.A. onB. inC. atD. of( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes.A. inB. atC. for( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.A. on; toB. at; inC. by; ofD. at; on( )8She will come back _______ next week.A. inB. atC. onD./( )9They played basketball _______ last night.A. inB. atC. onD./4. since, from, 和for （拔高部分）1)since 指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点，主句用完成时。

如：He has lived here since 1993.2)from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。

如：From now on, I will learn English in the morning.3)for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，表示“持续……时间”。

主句用完成时。

如：I have studied English for six years.5. after 与in “在……之后”1)after 与时间段连用，用于过去时。

如：They finished the work after two years.2)after 与时间点连用，用语将来时。

如：I’ll ring you up after two o’clock.3) in与时间段连用，指“在……之内”，表示从说话起的一段时间内，常用将来时。

如：The bus will be here in ten minutes.6. by “到…以前为止”（拔高部分）“by + 时间点”表示“到…以前为止”，如果by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。

如：We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.7.“during +时间段”“在……期间”（拔高部分）与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。

如：He lives with us during these years.8. until 用于否定句中，意为“直到…才”，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用于肯定句中，意为“直到…为止”，其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。

如：I didn’t leave until my mother came home.I waited for my mother until she came home.9. before和after 表示时间，分别意为“在…之前”和“在…之后”。

如：Please bring your homework before ten o’clock.【小练习】：练习1：( ) 1 The teacher is coming back___ an hour.A. afterB. forC. inD. before( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950.A. betweenB. duringC. inD. since( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing____ two days.A. afterB. inC. onD. before( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end.A. byB. atC. inD. on练习2：( ) 1 Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home.A. untilB. byC. atD. when( ) 2 We stayed at the lab___ our teacher returned.A. tillB. byC. duringD. while( )3 They didn‘t leave the station___ they get on the train.A. untilB. byC. after yD. at练习3：（拔高题）1（）Both Mary and Betty will get married this year. Mary is going to begin their honeymoonChristmas while Betty _____New Year’s Day.A. on; onB. at; inC. at; onD. by; on2（）Suffering from the terrible earthquake, the victims often awake several times _____the night and sometimes they even cannot sleep _____night.A. in; atB. at; inC. during; inD. in; during3（）He went abroad for further education _____a few weeks.He will go abroad for further education _____a few weeks.A. in; inB. after; afterC. in; afterD. after; in4（）No hurry! The train will be here ________a few minutes.No hurry! The train will be here __________twelve o’clock.No hurry! The train will be here __________lunch.A. after; in; atB. in; after; afterC. after; in; afterD. in; after; in5（）The horrible earthquake struck Wenchuan _____the afternoon when I was travelling there.A. inB. onC. duringD. within6（）Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. Instead, he met some friends and _____out _____ midnight.It was _____ midnight that they reached the camp site.A. stayed; until; not untilB. stayed; until; untilC. didn’t stay; until; untilD. didn’t stay; until; not until练习4：( ) 1 Children wake up very early____the morning of Christmas Day.A. inB. onC. forD. at( ) 2 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.A. InB. OnC. AtD. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet.A. atB. onC. withD. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning.A. onB. /C. atD. in练习5：( ) 1 He went to Shanghai___ September 3, 1991 and came back___ a cold morning last year.A. in; onB. on; inC. on; onD. in; ia( ) 2 Lucy was born____ the night of May 12, 1984. . ...A. onB. inC. atD. to( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China ____ 1996.B. ofC. to,D. in( ) 4 ___ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning___Joe Hill.A. On; toB. In; of .C. On; for ,D. At; for( ) 5 Ann moved___Hangzhou___September, 1992.A. /; in iB. to; inC. to; on D, in; in( ) 6 They started off___an autumn afternoon.A. duringB. atC. inD. on练习6：( ) 1 He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty ____ the morning.A. for; to; inB. to; at inC. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( ) 2 He arrived ___ Shanghai ___ 9: 30 ___ March 5. fA. at; in; atB. to; on; atC. in; on; atD. in; at; on ( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of( ) 4 The children get up ___ 6 o‘clock.A. atB. onC. duringD. in。