中小企业融资风险探讨摘要中小企业作为改革开放以来制度变迁的新生物,在促进经济繁荣和缓解就业压力等方面起到了重要的作用。
但是现阶段,中小企业面临着诸多问题,其中最为突出的就是融资问题。
由于国内市场体系的不完善以及其当前所处的特殊的经济体制转轨时期,各中小企业面临严重的融资风险。
本文通过分析中小企业的融资风险成因与种类,然后再根据风险现状提出有效的规避方案。
中小企业融资存在的诸多风险有:来自政府政策变动所带来的融资风险,市场利率变动而带来的风险等外生变量;来自企业内部经营稳定性的风险,管理缺失带来的风险,以及企业诚信不足带来的风险等内生变量。
中小企业融资困难最主要的是应从市场融资法则及中小企业的特性来理解,否则中小企业融资困难的问题也许无解可求。
对待中小企业融资风险这一问题,我们不应当拘泥于传统观念的束缚,而应当以现代的观点去分析它,不仅要从国家政策的角度加大倾斜力度,而且也要从企业自身的角度去寻找对策。
文章拟从中小企业的角度出发,探索中小企业融资的风险识别及防范问题,提出一些可行的融资应对措施,强化中小企业的融资环境。
中小企业顺利融资是其做大做强的根本保证,而合理的融资结构则有利于中小企业规避财务风险,使其在激烈的市场竞争中处于有利的地位。
关键词:中小企业;融资风险;规避方案AbstractThe medium and small enterprises are reform to open system change of new-born thing, there is important action in the aspects of helping the economic prosperity to alleviate solution employed press waiting. But present stage, the medium and small enterprises face many questions, among them, the most outstanding is margin question. Because the imperfection of home market system and it screws a track time the special economic system of section at present, each medium and small enterprises face serious margin risk.This text approval analyzes the margin risk of medium and small enterprises to become because of and type, then propose according to the risk present condition useful evade scheme. Many risks of medium and small enterprises margin existence have Fm the government margin risk brought for fluctuating policy, the risk of market rate of interest variation but fetch waits outside living variable ;The risk from business inside management stability manages the risk of imperfection fetch, and business in good faith scarcity fetch of living variable inside risk etc.. Medium and small enterprises margin the difficult most is to should comprehend from the characteristic of margin law in the market and the medium and small enterprises, otherwise the medium and small enterprises margin difficult question probably has no solution to beg. Treat the medium and small enterprises margin risk, this question, we should not tie down by the tie of traditional idea, and should with modernistic standpoint go to analytical it, not only want to enlarge tilt from the angle of national policy, but also want to look for a counter plan from the angle of business oneself. The article draws up to set out from the angle of medium and small enterprises and investigates the risk identification of medium and small enterprises margin and guards against a question, proposing some viable margins should enhance the margin environment of medium and small enterprises to the measure. Medium and small enterprises smooth margin is it makes to greatly make strong root assurance, while the fair margin structure then be advantageous to medium and small enterprises to evade financial risk and make it at vehemence of be placed in a beneficial stance in rivalry in the market.目录绪论 (5)一、中小企业融资风险种类及原因..................................5 (一)中小企业融资现状及特点.....................................5 1.直接融资......................................................5 2.间接融资......................................................6 (二)中小企业融资风险种类.......................................7 1.来自政府政策变动所带来的融资风险.............................7 2.市场利率变动而带来的风险.....................................7 3.经营的不稳定性导致的融资风险.................................7 4.有利于企业降低财务风险管理缺失带来的风险.....................7 5.信用用危机所导致的融资风险..................................8 (三)中小企业融资风险的成因....................................8 1.中小企业自身原因.............................................9 2.社会金融环境因素.............................................9 二、我国中小型企业内源融资存在问题及原因分析....................10 (一)中小企业企业融资风险内部解决方案..........................10 1.规范公司治理结构............................................10 2.完善企业财务管理制度........................................10 3.强化信用观念,构建良好银企关系...............................11 4.充分利用现有资产,增强抵押能力................................11 5.改变融资观念,努力拓宽融资渠道...............................12 (二)中小企业企业融资风险外部解决方案.........................12 1.加强政府的政策支持力度......................................12 2.建立中小企业配套的银行服务..................................13 3.尽快完善信用担保制度及机构,构建中小企业的信用体系...........14参考文献.......................................................15 致谢 (16)绪论中小企业在国民经济中占有重要的地位,创造了大量的就业机会,在一定的程度上促进了我国经济较快发展。
现在,我国中小企业占全部企业数的99%,工业总产值和利税分别占60%和40%,每年出口创汇占60%,提供了75%的城镇就业机会。
但是在我国,中小企业由于国内市场体系的不完善以及当前所处的特殊的经济体制转轨时期,面临着更为严重的融资困难。
中小企业的融资难的问题是当前深受经济界关注的热点问题,目前仍尚未得到确实有效的解决。
中小企业的融资存在着诸多风险:不仅有来自政府政策变动所带来的融资风险,市场利率变动而带来的风险等外生变量;还有来自企业内部经营稳定性的风险,管理缺失带来的风险,以及企业诚信不足带来的风险等内生变量。