爆炒（熘） 回锅 软炸 酥炸 烤焦 / 烙黄 烧 煮 涮 烫（白灼） 炙
to quick-fry twice-cooked soft deep-fry crisp deep-fry searing to burn boiling instant boiling scalding to broil / to grill
2、理解错误导致的误译 夫妻肺片 husband and wife’s lung slice (错 ) couple sliced beef in chili sauce (对 )
童子鸡 chicken without sexual life (错) spring chicken (对) 口水鸡 slobbering chicken (错) steamed chicken in chili sauce (对)
（二）鱼虾类 炸鱼 fried fish 腌鱼 pickled fish 糖醋鱼 sweet and sour fish 清蒸鱼 steamed fresh fish 红烧青鱼 stewed black carp with brown sauce 红烧鳝鱼 stewed mud eel with brown sauce 清蒸鲈鱼 steamed perch 清蒸鲥鱼 steamed shad 清蒸黄河鲤 steamed Yellow River carp
草菇蒸鸡
生炒鸡片
fried sliced chicken
糖醋鸡块
chicken in sweet and sour sauce 笋菇鸡丁 sliced chicken with bamboo shoots and mushrooms 炸鸡腿 deep-fried chicken legs 烤乳鸽 roast young pigeon 卤炸乳鸽 deep-fried pigeon in spicy sauce 北京烤鸭 roast(ed) Beijing duck 盐水鸭 duck quick-boiled in salty water 香酥鸭 crispy-fried duck 烧鹅 roast goose 卤鸭 traditional Chinese medicinal duck; duck stewed in master soup
酱香的 五香的 鱼香的 糖醋的 姜汁的 红油的
brown-sauced five-spiced fish-flavored sweet and sour ginger-juiced chili-sauced
四、常见中式菜肴的翻译
用料+刀法+烹调方法+口味
（一）禽类 白切鸡 quick-boiled chicken steamed chicken 八宝鸡 rice stuffed chicken 栗子鸡 stewed chicken with chestnuts and green pepper 腰果鸡 chicken with cashew nuts 香妃鸡 steamed chicken with brown sauce
淡的 清淡的 浓的 味重的 味淡的 烟熏的 酸辣的 麻辣的 椒盐的 蒜蓉的
mild; weak light; clear(mild); bland thick; strong; pungent heavily seasoned lightly seasoned; light (mild) taste smoky sour-peppered; vinegar-peppered spicy-peppered salted and peppered garlic pasted
松子桂鱼 清蒸桂鱼 炒鱼片 剁椒鱼头 红烧鲤鱼 清炖甲鱼 鱼头煲 酸菜鱼 酱油蟹 醋溜蟹 辣椒炒蟹 清汤蟹肉
fried mandarin fish and pine nuts steamed mandarin fish stir-fried sliced fish stewed fish head with chopped chili stewed carp with brown sauce braised turtle in clear soup fish head pot fish with salted mustard cabbage crabs in soy sauce crabs in sour sauce fried crabs in chili sauce chicken broth with crab meat
（三）肉类 腌肉 bacon rashers 红烧肉 braised pork with brown sauce 叉烧肉 roast pork fillet 烤乳猪 roast suckling pig 青椒肉片 fried sliced pork and green pepper 葱爆肉片 pork with scallion 糖醋排骨 spare ribs with sweet and sour sauce 荷叶粉蒸肉 steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in 子 雪菜冬笋
（五）各地常见家常风味 回锅肉 sliced pork doubly sauteed 木犀肉 fried pork with scrambled eggs and fungus 糖醋古老肉 deep fried pork with sweet and vinegar 五香兔肉 spiced hare 宫保牛肉 sliced beef with dry pepper 鱼香肉丝 fish-flavored shredded pork with chili (in Sichuan style) 红烧狮子头 stewed minced pork balls with soy sauce 鱼香肉丝 fish-flavored shredded pork with chili
牛肉串 咸牛肉 煨牛肉
爆牛肚 红烧牛尾 红烧牛舌
青椒牛肉
咖喱牛肉 蚝油牛肉
barbecued beef in Sichuan style salted beef simmered beef; beef with scrambled eggs fried tripe stewed ox tail with brown sauce stewed ox tongue with brown sauce beef with green pepper; pepper beef fried beef with curry sliced beef with oyster sauce
二、中菜谱的常见英译法 1、音译 2、意译 3、直译 4、释译 5、变译 6、加注
三、中式菜肴的常见烹饪法和常见口味 （一）常见烹饪法 干炸 to dry; to dee-fry 油炸 to cook in boiling oil 炒 to saute;to stir-fry 清炒 to saute (plainly) 烩 to assort 煎 to pan fry (in boiling oil) 卤 to bittern; to boil in soy sauce; to stew in the master sauce or in light brine 焖 to braise; fricassed
明火烧烤的 skewered 叉烧的 spit-roasted 干烧的 dry braised 涂油烤的 basting 加辣味烧烤的 devilled 拔丝 candied floss 熏制的 smoked 腌制的（腊制的） cured 水煮的 poaching
（二）常见口味 甜 sweet 酸 sour / acid (vinegar) 苦 bitter 辣 hot; pungent; spicy; peppery 麻 spicy 香 fragrant; aroma; pleasant to the taste 脆 crispy 酥 short 嫩 tender; half done 老 tough; hard; well-done; over-done
腥 fishy; smelly 臭 stinking; smelly 油腻 greasy; rich; oily 咸 salty; savoury 涩 acidic; astringent; austere; tart 膻 smell of mutton or beef 怪味的 strange or unique 甘美的 mellow 新鲜的 fresh; newly-made; morning-picked; tender 无味的 tasteless; flat
盐水虾 shrimps boiled in salt water 白灼虾 poached shrimps 清炒虾仁 pan fried shrimps 虾仁锅巴 shelled shrimps with crispy fried rice crust; shelled shrimps with sizzling rice 鲜菇炒大虾 fried prawns with fresh mushrooms 虾仁扒豆腐 stewed shelled shrimps and tofu
3、背景信息差异导致的理解困难 毛家红烧肉 braised meat of Mao’s family (差) braised pork, Mao’s family style (one of Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes) (好)
霸王别姬 the king saying good-bye to his beauty (差) 佛跳墙 fotiaoqiang (差) the Buddha jumped the wall (差)
菜谱的翻译
Menu Translation
一、菜谱翻译的常见问题 1、译名混乱不统一 天津狗不理包子 Tianjin goubuli baozi Tianjin goubuli stuffed bun Tianjin go believe baozi