Language learning begins with listenin g.re I a n tl d y i i v n id th u e a a l m c o h u i n ld t r o e f n lis v te a ni r n y g they do after they start speaking,1. _______ and the late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time beforethey can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate like a discrption of the eager and 2. ___ delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions in gesture and by making 3. ____ questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words lead to considerable 4. ____ difficulties. It is agree that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noise sort themselves out as 5. ___ particular indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since 6.___ these can be said to show the baby' s intention to communicate, they can 7. ____ hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, from 8. _____ about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds making or words spoken to 9. ____ them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point which one 10. _____ can say that these imitation can be considered as speech.1. after -> before 根据上下文逻辑，此处显然指孩子学会说话之前的听力，而非之后。

2.like -> aslike 和as 都有“像”的意思，但是此处要求填入一个具有“作为”之意的词，故将like 改为as3.in -> by4. lead -> leads此处句子的主语是上一行的attempt，所以要用动词的第三人称形式。

5. noise -> noisesOne or two 后修饰的名词按复数对待。

6. particular -> particularly修饰形容词indicative 应该使用副词particularly 。

7. can be said -> can not be said8. from 前加thatit 是句子的形式主语，而后面的from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment 才是真正的主语，too 是插入语，由于是主语从句，故引导词that 不能省略。

9. making -> made此处指“发出的声音和说的话” ，sound 与make 之间是被动关系。

10. which 前加at定语从句的关系代词指代先行词point，可知从句中缺少的时状语，因此在which前加at。

A “typical” British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, and in recent years there have been many changes in family 1. ___ life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and other 2. ____ are the result of changes in society. For example, for the law 3.___ made easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. 4. _____ In fact, one marriage in every three now end in divorce. This means that 5. __________ there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be with unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents. 6. ___________ Another change has been caused by the fact people are living longer 7. ___ nowadays, and many old people lives alone following the death of their partners. As a cause of these changes in the pattern of people ' s lives, there 8. ______ are many families consist of only one person or one person and children. .9. ____ You might think that marriage and the families are not so popular as they once are. However, the majority of divorced people marry again and they 10. ____ sometimes takeresponsibility for a second family.1. and -> but 根据上下文，此处应为转折关系2. other -> others这里是some….others的固定用法。

3. for -> sincefor和since都可以表示“因为”，但是for表示原因引导得从句一般放在句末，所以在此处不对4. made -> made it句子主语是law，位于是made, easier是宾语补足语，逻辑宾语是easier后面的to get a divorce，可见此句缺少形式宾语it。

5. end -> ends主语one marriage in every three 是单数,故谓语动词也要用单数。

6. with -> of形容词tolerant 后面只能用of。

还原原句为Society is now more tolerant than it used to be ( tolerant) of unmarried people。

7. the fact -> the fact thatfact 之后的部分是同位语从句,补充说明fact8. cause -> results a cause of意为“作为…的原因”，as a result of意为“作为…的结果”，根据上下文语义，应该用后者。

9. consist -> consisting 或consist 前力口which 或that 句子结构混乱。

简单句中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。

10. are -> wereThere are many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot divide the history of philosophy 1. _____ from which of science. Philosophy is large discussion about matters 2. _____ in which few peopleare quite certain, and those few hold opposite 3. _____ opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. For example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages philosophers discuss motion. Aristole and St. Thomas Aquinas thought that a 4. ___________ move body would slow down unless a force were constantly applied to it 5. ___ They were right. It goes on moving unless something slows it down. But 6. ___ they had good arguments on their side, and if we study theseand the experiments proved them right, this will help us distinguish truth 7. ___ from false in the scientific controversies of today. We also see how philosophers reflects social life of his day. Plato and Aristole, in the slave-owning society of ancient Greece, thought man's high state 8. _____ was contemplation rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas believeda regularly feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9. _________ Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus Marxism is seeing to fit into 10.___ its place as the philosophy for the workers, the only class with a future.1. divide -> separatedivide的意思是“分开”，用法为divide into;separate的意思是“分开”，用法是separate from o此句后面又介词from ,故要用separate。