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高考英语专题复习-冠词的用法常考知识点
A.a,the B.the, the C.the, a D.a, a
在have you seen a pen it a black one ? 指问话人是要找一支钢笔,而答话者所说的a black one 并非特指哪支钢笔,而是一种猜测,故选D。
The tiger is in danger of dying out.
这里说的是老虎这种动物“整个一类”的情况,而不是任
何一只老虎的情况,因为任何一只老虎到一定年龄都要 死亡的,这不是说老虎这类动物要绝迹,所以不能用a。 不过,用复数形式倒可以的,即Tigers are in danger of dying out . 又例:
这儿的。
④ He thought he was a Zhu Geliang.他自以为是诸葛 亮。
⑤ His wife is a Kennedey.他妻子是肯尼迪家族一员。 ⑥ Suzhou is a Venice of the East.苏州是东方的威尼斯
2、“a/an+物质名词”使物质名词具体化。表示一种, 一杯,一份等,eg。
① I'd like a tea/coffee/drink/beer, please. 我要来杯茶/咖啡/饮料/啤酒。 〈注意:这四个物质名词
都可数, two teas, five coffees等,应重点记忆,千 万
不要误认为milk也可具体化。〉 ② an iron 一只熨斗 ③ a heavy rain 一场大雨 ④ a
二、a/an与one 不要混消
1.a/an一方面表示“分类”,另一方面表示数量为“一”, 而one则侧重数量,eg
2.a/an 可表示“每一”,而one则不可以,eg His daughter came to see him three times a week。 3.与表示时间的名词连用作状语时,one前面不用任何介
(11) Can you give me a lift ,please.
(12) Let’ go out for a walk . 四、特指或泛指 如果说“a/an+单数可数名词”可以表示分类,又可表示
总之:①当要说指某类人/物中的任何一个时,常用不定 冠词,若不产生歧义,也可用定冠词;②当要概括某类 属的整体时,则只能用定冠词,不能用不定冠词。
如:
(1997)—Have you seen pen ? I left it here this morning.
—Is it black one ? I think I saw it some where .
又如:
wheel is most useful invention to mankind. A.The,the B.A,the C.The,a D.A,a 各种各样的轮子,在日常生活中,生产中功能各异,但有
一点是共同的,即它们都是圆圆的轮子。因此,此处的 轮子是从整体角度而言的,另外,生活中,发明很多, 对人类很有用,很难比较哪一项是最有用的,只能说非 常有用,故选C。 不过,需指出的是,尽管可以用定冠词+单数可数名词 “表示某一类人或物”,但在很多情况下这种用法会让 人造成误解或含义不清:如说:A tiger can be dangerous。“老虎是危险的”,意思清楚,但若说成 The tiger can be dangerous。则可能有歧义,即可理 解为“老虎是危险的”或“这只老虎是危险的”又如 “医生工资收入高”可译为:Doctors are well paid 而通常不译为“The doctor is well paid”,否则会让 人可能理解为“这个医生收入高”。
parents. ④ As a teacher, Tom was a success, but as a father,
he was a failure.
⑤Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
strong wind 一阵大风 ⑤ a heavy snow 一场大雪 3.“a/an+抽象名词“使抽象名词具体化。表示具体的行为,
一次动作或概念的具体体现。
eg. ① He did me a kindness. ② I have a favour to ask of you . ③ He was a pride/honor (an honor)/comfort to his
The horse has been praised by many poets as a noble animal.
这里“马”是总称,而非泛指。又如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented in1876.
telephone
A. x B. a C. the D. one
此处讲电话,应是整体而言的,因为无论是哪种型号,款 式、价格,它们的功能是一样的,都是电话,故选C。
⑥ What a pleasant surprise you gave as ⑦ I am quite at a loss .我真不知该怎么办。 ⑧ It’s a pity you can’t swim. 有些抽象名词是由动词转化来的,也与不定冠词连用具体
化,eg. ⑨ We had a swim in the river yesterday. ⑩ May I have a look at it ?
词,而a/an前面的介词不可丢,eg. ① I first saw him one evening in July. ② I first saw him on an evening in July. 三、专有名词/物质名词/抽象名词具体化 1、“a/an+专有名词”使专有名词具体化,译为“……
之类的东西/人”,eg. ① A Mr. Smith wants to see you . ② He bought a complete Lu Xun. ③ He came here in a new Benz.他是开一辆新奔驰车来