翻译(来自小白)
具体翻译方法的运用
To understand the food situation in China, we must take a full view of her agriculture and to understand the agriculture, we must first take a full view of the food market.
大学英语四级辅导
翻译
句子翻译详解
翻译命题原则与测试重点
汉译英题型
需译部分只是一般的短句翻译(15个词左右), 且内容较日常化,既不是新闻、文学翻译,也不 涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识,关键在正确地 用词、搭配、语法。
题名为翻译,实为补全句子,考查语法结构和词 组运用知识。需填入的部分其中隐含着四级水平 考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点,还考 查到了能否拼写单词、正确使用大小写及标点符 号。
e.g2. 要提高团队的效率,必须提高领导水平。
To improve a teamwork’s efficiency, one
.
To improve a teamwork’s efficiency, one should improve his art of leadership.
e.g3. 入世与否,对中国而言,也是一个“面子”问 题。 The accession to WTO, for China,
The accession to WTO, for China, is also a question of dignity.
.
就是一本活字典。
He knows much, and so to speak, he is encyclopedia.
.
He knows much, and so to speak, he is a walking
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g12. 他用手蒙住脸,好像是为了保护眼睛。 He . He covered his face with his hand, as if to protect his eyes. (加物主代词,完善表达。)
e.g13. 男女老少都参加了这个活动。
, joined in the activity. Men and women, the old and the young, joined in the activity. (加冠词和连词,完善译文)
具体翻译方法的运用
2)
使译文明确表达原文所要表达的含义:要增加一 些解释性文字,将原文暗含的意思表达出来。
e.g17. 谁都知道战场是艰苦的。 Everyone knows that . Everyone knows that life on battlefields is very hard. e.g18. 看粮食,要看中国的农业;看农业,首先要 看市场。 .
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g14. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
,
.
Modesty helps one to go forward, while
conceit makes one lag behind.(加连词,使译文
符合英语表达。) e.g15. 我们对问题要做全面分析,才能解决得妥当。 We must .
翻译原则及应试技巧
1. 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解, 这就要求对原文词句要有所推敲,要符合英语的 表达习惯,而不能想当然地去做。所以,吃透原 文是非常重要的。
e.g1. 他的英语水平比我的高。 He . He knows more English than me.
翻译原则及应试技巧
Silence gradually came over the crowds.
e.g21. 她连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误。 She has been talking in French for two hours without making any mistakes.
具体翻译方法的运用
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g30. 他们怀疑他是否能负担得起。 They are doubtful whether he can afford it. e.g31. 温哥华盛情招待来自全世界的游客和客商。 Vancouver has been hospitable to the tourists and businessmen from all over the world. e.g32. 得知那地区遭受地震,全国人民深表关切。 People are all deeply concerned at the news that the region has been struck by an earthquake.
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g25. 我们满怀信心,昂首阔步迈向21世纪。 We are advancing confidently towards the 21st century. 3. 转换词性:英汉两种语言有着不同的表达习惯, 就用词角度而言,汉语中动词用得多,而且两个 以上动词连用的现象(连动式)也十分常见。而 英语中,名词、介词、形容词和副词的表达力则 很强。这就决定了当我们在做汉译英时,要运用 词类转换这个手段,使译文符合英语表达习惯, 流畅而不生硬。而汉译英中的词性转换往往体现 在由动词派生词、介词及副词身上。
2. 减词法:即省略词汇。
由于中英文表达习惯不同,在中译英时,为使译 文正确,符合英语表达习惯,要省略汉语原文中 需出现的词不译。而不能逐词死译。
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g19. 中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 The state/condition of backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. e.g20. 人群渐渐静了下来。
具体翻译方法的运用
We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.(加 冠词和连词,确保译文语法正确,符合英文表达逻 辑。)
e.g16. 天已经相当晚了,我们决定在那里过夜。
. As it was getting late, we decided to stop there for the night. (增加连词,使译文语法正 确。)
翻译原则及应试技巧
动宾搭配 e.g9. 我承认她是对的。 she is right. 被告在法庭上承认了自己的罪行。 The accused . 承认一个新政府。 . I admit that she is right. The accused confessed his crime in court. To recognize a new government.
2. 注意词的搭配:其中定语和中心词的搭配以及动宾 搭配尤为重要。
翻译原则及应试技巧
定语和中心词的搭配 e.g5. 一个勇敢的消防队员救了这女人。 A rescued the woman. A brave fireman rescued the woman. e.g6. 他们有个大胆的计划:在英吉利海峡上建一座 桥梁。 The engineer had to build a bridge over the English Channel. The engineer had a bold plan to build a bridge over the English Channel.
具体翻译方法的运用
在做汉译英题目时,切忌不顾英文表达习惯和语 法要求,将需译部分逐词硬译!
1. 增词法:即增加原文中无其形而有其义的词汇, 目的有二——
1)
使译文语法正确:通常所需增添的词是冠词、时 态词、语态词、连词、概括词等。 e.g11. 要有把握,就要有准备,而且要有充分的准备。 To ensure success, one must be prepared, . To ensure success, one must be prepared, and fully prepared at that.(加代词,作主语。)
具体翻译方法的运用
e.g28. 她转身蹦着跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径, 跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。 Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. e.g29. 这条大街向西延展,越过一座黑色大桥,爬下 山岗又爬了上去,经过许多小铺和肉市,又经过一 些平房,然后突然冲着一大片绿色草地中止了。 The street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
翻译原则及应试技巧
e.g7. 他整个下午都在忙着接电话。 He was busy all afternoon. He was busy answering the telephones all afternoon. e.g8. 你要打的电话忙,请几分钟后再打。 The , so try again in a few minutes. The telephone line is engaged, so try again in a few minutes.
汉语的范畴词在英语译文中往往省略:除了上述 e.g19以外,汉语中这样的名词还有如“任务”“工 作”“情况”“状态”“问题”“局面”“态 度”“情绪”等。 要善于运用英语中的抽象词将需译部分既简练又符合 英语表达习惯地译出。 常用范畴词有: