Aabandonvt.1.离弃，丢弃 2.遗弃，抛弃 3.放弃v.+n.~anattempt放弃尝试；~ one’s commitment放弃承诺；~effort放弃努力；~ hope放弃希望；~an idea断绝想法；~ a notion舍弃观念；~an obligation推卸责任；~ an opportunity to attendadvanced studies放弃进修的机会；~ a plan放弃计划；~one’s principle放弃原则；~ a project中止项目；~a search放弃搜索；~ ship弃船；~ one’s weapon放下武器；~ one’s wife and children抛妻弃子v.+prep.~…to例：~oneself to despair陷入绝望；~ oneself to drinking恣情纵酒；~oneself to emotion感情用事；~ oneself to fate听天由命；~oneself to grief悲伤不已；~oneself to pleasures 纵情享乐prep.+n.with ~例：cry with ~号啕大哭；laugh with ~放声大笑；spend money with ~胡乱花钱adv.+pletely (totally, utterly)~完全放弃；despairingly ~绝望地放弃；hastily ~仓促地放弃；recklessly~轻率地放弃；regretfully ~遗憾地放弃；reluctantly~情非所愿地放弃；temporarily ~暂时放弃ability n. 1.能力，本领 2.才能，才智v.+n. appreciate sb.’s ~赏识某人的能力；assess sb.’s ~评估某人的能力；conceal (hide) one’s ~不显露才能；cultivate (develop, foster, nurse)one’s ~培养能力；demonstrate(display, exhibit, show) one’s ~展示能力；doubt sb.’s ~怀疑某人的能力；lack ~缺乏能力；measure sb.’s ~衡量某人的能力；possess ~具备能力；recognize sb.’s ~认识到某人的能力；stifle sb.’s ~埋没某人的才能；use one’s ~发挥能力；waste one’s ~浪费能力adj.+n.all-round(manifold)~全面的能力；average (moderate) ~一般的能力；creative~创造能力；distinguished ~出类拔萃的才能；exceptional (unusual)~非凡出众的本领；great ~高强的本领；inferior ~较差的能力；latent ~尚未发挥的才能；money-handling ~理财能力；natural (innate)~天赋的能力；organizing ~组织能力；outstanding (remarkable, superior)~卓越的才能；rare ~不可多得的才能；reasoning ~推理能力；striking ~惊人的才能；unique ~与众不同的能力abolish vt.彻底废除，废止v.+n.~ capital punishment(the death penalty)废除死刑；~ the entrance exam废除入学考试；~ a law废止法律；~ old customs废除旧的习俗；~ slavery 废除奴隶制；~ an outdated(outworn) system废除过时的制度；~ war废除战争abrupt adj. 1.突然的，意外的 2.（举止、言谈等）唐突的，鲁莽的adj.+n.~change突然的变化；~departure仓促的离开；~ manner唐突的举止；~ remark 直言不讳的话语；~ reply 生硬的回答；~ turn急转弯a bsorb vt. 1.吸收 2.吸引…的注意，使全神贯注 3.把…并入，同化v.+n.~attention吸引注意力；~energy吸收能量；~experience吸取经验；~ a small firm 吞并小公司；~ new ideas 汲取新思想；~immigrants 同化移民；~knowledge吸收知识；~ light 吸收光线；~ noise 消除噪音；~ water 吸水abstain vi. 1. 戒绝，回避 2. 弃权v.+prep.~ from例：~comment避免加以评论；~ from eating不吃东西；~ from greasy food禁忌油腻；~ from drinking and smoking戒除烟酒；~ from luxury避免奢华；~ from politics退出政坛；~ from voting投票弃权absurd adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的adj.+n.~explanation荒谬的解释；~ idea荒谬的想法；~ mistake荒唐的错误；~opinion荒谬的观点；~suggestion荒谬的建议adv.+adj.absolutely~绝对荒谬的；clearly(patently)~显然荒唐的；completely(totally, utterly) ~十足荒唐的；highly ~极其荒唐的；ridiculously~荒唐可笑的abundant adj. 1.大量的，充足的 2.丰富的，富裕的adj.+n. ~energies旺盛的精力；~ evidence 大量证据；~ harvest丰收；~ land 富饶的土地；~ life丰衣足食的生活；~rainfall充沛的降雨；~naturalresources 丰富的自然资源；~ supply充足的供应；~ year丰年adj.+prep.~ in 例：~ in minerals矿产丰富；~ in naturalresources 自然资源丰富abuse n.& vt. 1.滥用，妄用 2.虐待，伤害 3.辱骂，毁谤v.+n.①heap (shower)~肆意谩骂hurl(shout, scream)~破口打骂；take~挨骂v.+n.②~alcohol酗酒；~ one’s authority(office, position, power)滥用职权；~children虐待儿童；~ sb.’s confidence(trust)辜负某人的信任；~ drugs 吸毒；~ prisoners 虐待囚犯；~ one’s privilege滥用特权；~naturalresources 滥用自然资源；~ human rights侵犯人权；~ one’s wife 虐待妻子；~ words 滥用词汇adv.+v.cruelly ~残忍地虐待physically~在身体上虐待；psychologically~心理虐待；roundly~痛骂；sexually ~性虐待adj.+n.horrifying~骇人听闻的虐待；physical~身体虐待；psychological~心理虐待；sexual~性虐待；shocking~令人震惊的虐待；verbal~言语谩骂academic adj. 1.学校的； 2.学术的； 3.纯理论的，不切实际的adj.+n. ~community学术界；~credit学分；~exchanges 学术交流；~ freedom 学术自由；~ lecture 学术讲座；~performance学习表现；~ studies 学术研究；~success学业上的成功；~ work 学业；~ year 学年accelerate vi.& vt. 1.（使）加快，（使）增速steps加快v.+n. ~ the construction加快建设进度；~ economic growth 加速经济发展；~one’ｓ步伐；~ a trend加快趋势accept vt. 1.接受，领受，收受； 2.承认，同意，认可 3.相信v.+n. ~ sb.’s warm congratulations接受某人的热烈祝贺；~ criticism 接受批评；~ an idea 赞成观点；~ an invitation接受邀请；~ a position担任职位；~responsibility承担责任；~ a theory 接受理论adv.+v. blindly~盲目接受；cheerfully(gladly) ~高兴地接受；completely(fully)~完全接受；eagerly~热切地接受；generally (universally, widely)~普遍接受；gratefully~感激地接受；readily(willingly)~欣然接受；reluctantly (unwillingly)~情非所愿地接受accomplish vt. 达到，完成，实现v.+n. ~a goal 实现目标；~ a journey走完旅程；~amission完成使命；~ the very opposite适得其反；~apurpose达到目的；~ national reunification实现国家的统一；~a task 完成任务adv.+v. easily~轻松完成；quickly ~迅速完成；smoothly~顺利完成；successfully~成功完成accumulate vt. 积累，积聚v.+n. ~ experience积累经验；~ funds积累资金；~ money 攒钱；~ wealth 积累财富；~wisdom 积累智慧adv.+v. gradually~逐渐积累；rapidly~迅速积累；steadily~稳步积累；systematically~系统积累accurate adj. 1.正确无误的 2.准确的，精确的adj.+n. ~ clock 走得准的钟表；~estimate准确的估计；~ typist 准确无误的打字员adv.+adj.absolutely~绝对准确的；fairly~相当准确的；grammatically~语法准确的；reasonably (tolerably) ~尚属准确的；remarkably ~非常准确的；strictly~十分准确的adj.+prep. ~ in 例：~in counting计算准确；~ in work 工作中做到准确无误accuse vt. 1. 指控，控告 2. 指责v.+prep. ~…of 例：~ the doctor of professional misconduct指控医生违背职业道德；~ the leader of incompetence指责领导不称职；~a person of murder指控某人谋杀adv.+v.falsely(unjustly, wrongly)~诬告；indignantly~愤慨地谴责achieve vt.完成，实现，达到v.+n. ~ one’s aim (end, purpose, goal, object, objective) 实现目标；~ ambition实现抱负；~ contentment获得满足；~ effect取得效果；~ fame 成名；~ a meaningful life 实现有意义的人生；~ a purpose得到目的；~recognition得到认可；~ a result 取得成果；~success实现成功；~ a task 完成任务；~ a victory取得胜利adv.+v. easily (effortlessly) ~轻而易举地实现achievement n.1.成就，成绩 2.达到，完成，实现v.+n. acclaim(appreciate)~赞赏成绩；admire ~钦佩成绩；acknowledge~承认成绩；assess(evaluate)~评估成绩；belittle~贬低成绩；celebrate ~庆祝成就；exaggerate(magnify)~夸大成绩；measure ~衡量成绩；reach ~取得成绩；score ~取得成绩；surpass ~超越成就adj.+n.amazing(astonishing)~惊人的成就；awe-inspiring~ 令人惊叹的成就；brilliant ~辉煌的成就；creditable ~值得称赞的成就；crowning ~登峰造极的成就；dazzling ~显赫的成就；enormous(great, gigantic) ~巨大的成就；epoch-making ~划时代的成就；magnificent(outstanding, remarkable, )~杰出的成就；incomparable (unparalleled )~不可比拟的成绩；monumental~不朽的成就；notable ~引人注目的成就；phenomenal~非凡的成就；solid ~踏踏实实的成绩；tangible~实际的成绩acknowledge vt. 1.承认 2.告知收到，确认 3.对……表示谢意，报偿v.+n. ~ sb.’s assistance (help)感谢某人的帮忙；~ defeat 承认失败；~ one’s fault (mistake)承认错误；~ the receipt of a letter确认来信收到；~ sb.’s services感谢某人的服务adv.+v.courageously~勇敢地承认；generally(universally) ~公认；gratefully ~感谢；openly (publicly)~公开承认；readily ~乐于承认；reluctantly~不情愿地承认；privately ~私下承认；fully ~完全承认；promptly ~立即承认；tacitly ~默认acquire vt. 1.取得，获得 2.学到，养成vt.+n.~ a habit养成习惯；~information获取信息；~knowledge学习知识；~ a foreignlanguage 学会外语；~ good manners学会礼貌；~ a skill掌握技能；~ wealth 获得财富adv.+v. dishonestly(fraudulently)~通过欺诈手段获取；honestly ~通过诚实方式获取；legally(illegally) ~合法（非法）获取act vi. 1.行动，做事 2.举止，表现n. 行动，行为v.+adv.~bravely(courageous)勇敢地行动；~ cautiously(discreetly, prudently)行为谨慎；~ correctly(rightly)正确地行动；~decisively果断地行动；~ foolishly(unwisely)愚蠢地行动；~ freely自由地行动；~ generously表现慷慨；~hastily(quickly)快速行动；~ honestly表现诚实；~illegally(unlawfully)非法行动；~impulsively 行为冲动；~independently独立行动；~instinctively出于本能地行动；~ promptly立即行动；~responsibly负责任地行动；~ sensibly(wisely)明智地行动；~unethically不讲道德地行动；~unilaterally单方面行动；~ rashly 行为鲁莽adj.+n. brave (courageous)~勇敢的行为；childish ~幼稚的行为：cruel ~残忍的行为；foolish ~愚蠢的行为；impulsive ~冲动的行为；kind ~善良的行为；illegal (unlawful)~违法行为；noble ~高尚的行为；rash ~鲁莽的行为；shameful ~可耻的行为active adj. 1.活跃的，积极的 2.主动的，起作用的adj.+n.~imagination活跃的想象力；~ interest 浓厚的兴趣；~ life积极活跃的生活；~ market 活跃的市场；~ member积极参加活动的成员；~participation积极参与；~ volcano活火山adj.+prep. ~ in 例：~ in publicaffairs 热心于公众事物；~ in work积极工作acute adj. 1.严重的，激烈的 2.敏锐的 3.（疾病）急性的adj.+n.~ analysis 深刻的分析；~ crisis严重的危机；~ disease急性病；~ hearing 灵敏的听觉；~ observer观察敏锐的人；~ pain剧痛；~ sense灵敏的感觉；~shortage严重的短缺；~ sorrow 深切的悲痛；~ thinker思想敏锐的人addicted adj. 热衷的，入迷的adv.+adj. absolutely~完全迷恋；hopelessly ~入迷太深，不可救药；strongly ~深深迷恋adj.+prep.~ to例：~ to computer games沉迷于电脑游戏；~ to gambling沉溺于赌博；~ to love stories迷恋爱情小说address n. 1.地址，住址 2.演说，讲话vt. 1.（在信封或包裹上）写姓名地址 2.向…讲话，对…发表演说 3.对付，处理vt.+n.①deliver(give) an ~发表演说vt.+n.②~ a need满足需要；~ an audience向听众发表讲话；~ a challenge应对挑战；~ an disadvantage解决弊端；~ a meeting在会议上发表讲话；~ the nation on television向全国发表电视讲话；~ a problem处理问题adj.+n.closing~闭幕词；eloquent ~雄辩的演讲；farewell ~告别演说；inaugural ~就职演说；opening~开幕词；permanent ~常住地址；stirring~振奋人心的演讲；temporary ~临时地址adequate adj. 1.充足的，足够的 2.适当的，胜任的adj.+n. ~description恰当的描述；~explanation充分的解释；~ food足够的食物；~ size大小适当；~supplies充足的供应adj.+prep.~ to例：~ to a job胜任一份工作；~ to a task胜任一项任务~ for例：~ for a need充分满足需要；~ for a purpose适合一个目的adhere vi. 1.粘附，附着 2.遵守，坚持 3.追随，支持vi+prep.~ to例：~ to an agreement遵守协议；~ to a contract遵守合同；~ to sb.’s decision坚持某人的决定；~ to a political party拥护一个政党；~ to one’s original plan坚持按原计划行事adv.+vi.consistently ~一如既往地坚持；resolutely ~坚定地坚持；rigidly(strictly)~严格坚持；strongly ~坚定地坚持；stubbornly ~固执地坚持adopt vt. 1.收养 2.采取，采纳，采用 3.正式通过，批准vt.+n. ~ an agenda通过议程；~ a tough approach采取强硬手段；~ anattitude采取态度；~ a budget通过预算；~ a homeless child收养无家可归的孩子；~ an idea采纳意见；~a measure 通过措施；~ a method采用方法；~ an orphan收养孤儿；~ a policy采纳政策；~ a proposal 采纳提议；~ the chairman’s report正式通过主席的报告；~ a resolution通过决议；~ a suggestion 接受建议adv.+vt.arbitrarily~武断采取；formally ~正式采取；unanimously ~一致通过；widely ~广泛采用advance vi. 1.前进，向前移动 2.取得进展vt. 1.预先发放，预先支付 2.提前，使提前发生 3.提出n. 1.前进，前移 2.进展，改进vt.+n.~ an argument提出论据；~ the cause of peace促进和平事业；~ the clock 把时钟拨快；~ the date of the election将选举日期提前；~ the development促进发展；~ money预先付钱；~ an opinion提出观点；~ sb.’s prestige提高声望；~ prices提高价格；~ a proposal提出建议；~ science推动科学发展；~ wages提高工资adj.+n. distinct(marked, remarkable) ~显著的发展；important(major, significant, substantial)~重大进展；rapid ~迅速发展；sharp(dramatic)~急剧上升；steady ~持续发展；tremendous ~巨大发展advantage n. 1.优点，优势，有利条件，有利因素 2.利益，好处vt.+n. derive(draw, gain, obtain, reap, secure)an ~获得利益；consolidate one’s ~巩固优势；hold (possess)an ~占有优势；offset an ~抵消优势adj.+n. apparent(clear, obvious)~明显的优势；commercial ~商业利益；decided ~决定性优势；geographical~地理优势；military~军事优势；personal ~个人利益；slight ~微弱的优势；strategic~战略优势adverse 1. 不友好的，敌对的 2. 不利的，有害的 3.逆向的，相反的adj.+n.~ trade balance贸易逆差；~circumstances逆境；~comment非难；~ weather conditions 恶劣的天气状况；~effect不良影响；~publicity不友好的宣传；~ report不友好的报道；~ wind 逆风adj.+prep.~ to例：~ to publicinterests违背公众的利益advice n. 建议，劝告，忠告v.+n.adopt ~采纳建议；disregard(ignore) ~无视建议；follow(take)~听从建议；give(offer) ~提供建议；refuse(reject)~拒绝建议；respect ~尊重建议；seek ~寻求建议；take legal ~咨询律师；turn a deaf ear to ~对建议充耳不闻adj.+n. considered ~深思熟虑的建议；sensible(wise) ~明智的建议；shrewd ~精明的建议；sound ~正确的建议；valuable ~宝贵的建议advise vt. 劝告，建议vi. 提供建议或咨询adv.+v. seriously~认真建议；strongly ~竭力劝告v.+prep. ~ on例：~ on the law提供法律咨询~… on例：~children on their future为孩子的前途提供建议~ against例：~ against taking risks建议不要冒风险~… against例：~father against smoking劝父亲不要吸烟；~ a patient against drinking alcohol 建议患者不要饮酒advocate vt.提倡，主张，拥护v.+n.~banningcigarettesmoking in publicplaces主张在公共场所禁烟；~ diligence and thrift提倡勤俭节约；~ an opinion主张一种观点；~ a theory主张一个理论adv.+v.firmly~坚决主张；openly ~公开主张；passionately(warmly)~热烈拥护；strongly ~竭力主张affect vt. 影响adv.+v. adversely (unfavorably) ~不利地影响；considerably (greatly, significantly, strongly) ~极大地影响；deeply (profoundly) ~深刻地影响；directly~直接影响；indirectly ~间接影响；seriously(severely)~严重影响；unconsciously ~不知不觉地影响afford vt. 1.买得起，担负得起 2.提供，给予v.+n.~ a clue提供线索；~ the expense出得起费用；~ grain出产粮食；~ a holiday有钱去度假；~ an opportunity提供机会；~ pleasure带来快乐；~ the price出得起价钱；~satisfaction带来满足；~ the time抽得出时间；~tuition负担得起学费；~ a beautiful view展现美景aggravate vt. 加重，加剧，时恶化v.+n. ~ sb.’s anxiety使某人更加焦虑；~ one’s crime加重罪行；~ a difference加重分歧；~ a disease加重病情；~ the decliningeconomy使经济进一步走下坡路；~ poverty加剧贫困；~ a problem加重问题；~ the alreadyseriousshortage of food使业已严重的粮食短缺问题更加突出；~ the situation使局势恶化agreement n. 1.协定，协议，契约 2.同意 3.一致，感情融洽v.+n.adhere to an ~恪守协议；arrive at (come to, conclude, enter into,reach) an ~达成协议；break(breach, violate) an ~破坏协议；carry out an ~执行协议；express one’s ~表示同意；produce an ~取得一致意见；sign an~签订协议；tear up an ~撕毁协议；terminate an ~中止协议adj.+n.binding ~有约束力的协议；bilateral ~双边协议；mutual ~双方同意；prior ~事先同意；unanimous ~一致同意；verbal ~口头协议aid n. 帮助，援助，救助v.+n.extend(furnish, give, offer, provide, render) ~提供帮助；implore (request, solicit) ~请求帮助；obtain ~获得援助；receive~接受援助；seek ~寻求帮助；withdraw ~撤消援助；adj.+n.economic~经济援助；financial ~财政援助；foreign~外国援助；generous ~慷慨救助；mutual~互相帮助；emergency ~紧急援助；humanitarian~人道主义援助；international ~国际援助；legal ~法律援助；medical ~医疗援助；prompt ~迅速的援助；substantial ~大量的帮助；timely ~及时的援助aim n. 1.目标，目的，意图 2.瞄准，对准vt. 1.把…瞄准，把…对准 2.使针对，使旨在vi. 1.瞄准，对准 2.打算，企图 3.致力，旨在v.+n.accomplish(achieve, fulfill, reach, realize)an ~实现目标；divert one’s ~转移目标；miss one’s ~没有达到目标；pursue one’s ~追求目标；work for(toward) one’s ~为目标而努力adj.+n.chief (major, main)~主要目标；consistent ~始终如一的目标；general~总体目标；immediate~眼前的目标；joint ~共同目标；lofty ~远大目标；long-term ~长远目标；noble ~高尚的目标；primary ~首要目标；short-term ~短期目标；single-mind ~一心一意的目标；specific ~具体目标；ultimate~最终目标alleviate vt.减轻，缓解，缓和v.+n.~ a crisis缓和危机；~ a disaster减轻灾情；~ pain减轻疼痛；~unemployment缓和失业状况；~ sorrow缓解忧愁；~symptoms缓解症状alter vt.改变，改动，变更v.+n.~ an attitude改变态度；~ one’s mind改变主意；~ a mistake更正错误；~ a policy改变政策；~ a shirt改衬衫adv.+v.dramatically(radically, substantially) ~大幅改变；fundamentally~根本性改变；irreversibly ~不可逆转地改变；slightly ~略有改动ambiguous adj. 引起歧义的，模棱两可的，含糊不清的adj.+n. ~answer(reply)含糊其辞的回答；~ position暧昧的立场；~ sentence意义模糊的句子；~ statement模棱两可的话ambition n. 1.抱负，雄心 2.渴望得到的东西v.+n.achieve(attain, fulfill, realize) an~实现抱负；cherish(entertain, harbor, nurse ) an ~怀有抱负；frustrate (thwart)sb.’s ~使某人的抱负受挫adj.+n.burning(fierce, strong)~强烈的抱负；driving ~使人奋发向上的抱负；frustrated ~受挫的抱负；high ~远大的抱负；noble ~崇高的志向；political ~政治抱负；unrealized ~没有实现的抱负n.+prep.~ for例：~ for fame and fortune追逐名利的渴望；~ for power对权利的渴望amend vt.修改，修订，改进v.+n.~ one’s behavior改正行为；~ the U.N. Charter修改联合国宪章；~ the law修改法律；~ a rule修改规则；~spelling改正拼写错误；~ one’s ways改过自新ample adj. 1.足够的 2.宽敞的，面积大的adj.+n.~ lawn大草坪；~opportunities充足的机会；~ proof足够的证据；~reason充分的理由；~resources丰富的资源；~ room 足够的空间analysis n. 分析adj.+n. careful(close ) ~仔细的分析；clarifying ~清晰的分析；comprehensive (thorough) ~全面的分析；deep(profound) ~深刻的分析；detailed ~详细的分析；in-depth~深入的分析；insightful ~见解深刻的分析；logical ~符合逻辑的分析；minute(subtle) ~细致的分析；objective ~客观的分析；penetrating~鞭辟入里的分析；precise~精确的分析；preliminary~初步的分析；qualitative ~定性分析；quantitative ~定量分析；rough ~粗略的分析；shallow ~肤浅的分析；systematic~系统的分析；tentative~试探性的分析angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的adj.+n.~ criticism愤怒的批评；~ look愤怒的表情；~ wave惊涛骇浪；~ wind狂风；~ words 愤怒的话语adv.+adj. doubly ~更加愤怒；furiously ~狂怒的；insanely ~愤怒得要发疯；righteously ~义愤填膺；strangely ~莫名其妙地生气adj.+prep.~ about(at, over) 例：~ about sb.’s rudeness对某人的粗鲁感到生气；~ at being treated unfairly因受到不公平待遇而气愤~ with例：~ with an undisciplined child对不守纪律的孩子生气annual adj. 每年的，年度的，一年一次的adj.+n.~celebration一年一度的庆典；~ meeting年会；~output年产量；~ plant一年生植物；~ prize年度奖项；~rainfall全年降雨量；~ report年度报告；~reunion一年一度的团聚；~ salary 年薪anticipate vt. 1.预期，期望，预料 2.先于…行动，提前使用v.+n.~ one’s competitors抢在竞争对手之前；~difficulty预料到困难；~ the enemy先发制敌；~ next month’s salary提前支用下月工资；~trouble预料到麻烦adv.+v. ardently~热切地期待；confidently ~满怀信心地期待；eagerly~急切地期待；impatiently ~急不可耐的期待apology n.道歉，认错，愧悔v.+n.accept sb.’s ~接受道歉；convey (express, make, offer, present, send, tender,) an ~表达歉意；demand an ~要求道歉adj.+n.heartfelt ~诚心诚意的道歉；humble ~谦恭的道歉；public~公开的道歉；sincere ~诚恳的道歉；unreserved~充分的道歉apparent adj. 1.显然的，明白的，清晰可见的 2.表面上的，貌似真实的adj.+n. ~attitude明显的态度；~ change明显的变化；~friendship表面的友谊；~ honesty表面的诚实；~ lack of concern表面上毫不关心；~reason表面的原因；~reluctance明显不情愿；~success表面的成功adv.+adj. clearly ~显而易见的；increasingly ~越发明显的；strikingly ~非常明显的appeal n. 1.呼吁，恳求 2.感染力，吸引力 3.申诉，上诉vi. 1.呼吁，恳求 2.有吸引力，有感染力 3.上诉，申诉 4.诉诸v.+n.①file( lodge,make) an ~提出上诉have~有吸引力；lose ~失去吸引力；voice an ~发出呼吁v.+n.②deny(dismiss, reject, throw out, turn down) an ~驳回上诉；win an ~赢得上诉adj.+n. artistic ~艺术魅力；faint ~不强的吸引力；feminine ~女性的魅力；irresistible~不可抗拒的魅力；urgent~紧急呼吁v.+prep.~ for例：~ for forgiveness恳请原谅~ to 例：~ to a higher court向上一级法院上诉；~ to force诉诸武力~ against 例：~ against a judgment不服裁决而上诉adv.+v.irresistibly~不可抗拒地吸引；powerfully(profoundly, strongly) ~强烈地吸引appease vt.平息，抚慰，姑息v.+n.~ sb.’s appetite满足某人的胃口；~ the crying child抚慰啼哭的孩子；~ sb.’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心；~ thirst解渴appetite n. 1.胃口，食欲 2.欲望v.+n.appease(satisfy) sb.’s ~满足胃口；arouse (excite, provoke, sharpen, stimulate, work up)sb.’s ~引起食欲；curb(limit, subdue) ~限制欲望；depress spoil sb.’s ~破坏食欲；diminish sb.’s ~减少食欲；improve(increase) sb.’s ~增加食欲；lack ~没有胃口；lose one’s ~食欲不振；repress ~压制欲望adj.+n. enormous (huge, tremendous) ~很大的胃口；good(healthy, robust) ~好胃口；insatiable ~永不满足的胃口；poor ~胃口不佳；vociferous ~饿得咕咕叫的肚子n.+prep. ~ for例：~ for knowledge求知欲；~ for power对权力的欲望appreciate vt. 1.重视，赏识，欣赏 2.为…表示感谢 3.充分意识到，领会，体会v.+n. ~ sb.’s help感谢某人的帮助；~ sb.’s kindness感谢某人的好意；~ music欣赏音乐；~ the pleasure享受乐趣；~ the value 意识到价值所在；~ works of art欣赏艺术作品adv.+v.deeply(gratefully, greatly, highly, keenly) ~深表谢意；fully ~完全领会；rightly ~正确领会；universally~普遍赞赏；sincerely ~诚挚地感谢；sufficiently~充分领会approach v. 靠近，接近n. 1.靠近，接近，邻近 2.途径 3.方式，方法v.+n.①~adulthood即将成年；~ perfection趋于完善；~ a problem处理问题；~ the judge疏通法官；~ life with calm沉着地对待生活；~international standard接近国际水平；~ a star for an interview联系一位明星要求采访；~ a subject探讨一个话题v.+n.②adopt(take) an ~采取方法（或态度）；bar an ~禁止接近；block an ~封锁道路n.+prep.~ to例：~ to a disease治疗疾病的方法；~ to the teaching of foreignlanguages 外语教学方法；~ to a village通往村子的路adj.+n.casual ~马虎的态度；correct ~正确的方法；diplomatic~外交途径；natural ~自然的方法；novel ~新颖的方法；pragmatic ~实际的方法；rational ~合理的方法；scientific ~科学的方法；simple ~简单的方法；traditional ~传统方法；tentative ~试探性的方法appropriate adj. 适当的，恰当的vt. 1.私占，侵吞，挪用 2.拨出（款项等）供专用v.+n.~ funds拨款；~public money挪用公款；~ others’properties私占他人财产；~ a big sum of money拨出一大笔款项adj.+prep.~ to例：~ to an occasion适合一种场合；~ to a subject适合一个主题arbitrary adj. 1.随意的，任意的 2.专断的，武断的，专制的adj.+n.~ arrest强行逮捕；~ choice随意的选择；~decision武断的决定；~ demand不合情理的要求；~ killing任意的杀戮；~ punishment任意的惩罚；~ ruler专断的统治者argument n. 1.争论，争吵，辩论 2.理由，论据，论点 3.说理，论证v.+n. advance(offer, present, state, put forward) an~提出论点；bear out an ~证明论点；build an ~建立论点；confute(refute) an ~反驳论点；counter an ~反驳论点；drive home an ~阐明论点；get into an ~发生争论；illustrate an ~说明论点；oppose an ~反对论点；support(stand by) an ~支持论点adj.+n.cogent(compelling, ,convincing,persuasive)~令人信服的论点；conclusive~结论性的论点；bitter(violent)~激烈的争吵；groundless~毫无根据的论点；halting (weak) ~缺乏说服力的论点；heated~热烈的辩论；lame ~站不住脚的论点；logic ~合乎逻辑的论点；powerful (potent, strong, telling, weighty) ~强有力的论点；rational ~合理的论点；solid ~理由充分的论点；sound ~正确的论点；valid ~站得住脚的论点n +prep.~about(on, over)关于…的争论；~against反对…的论点；~between同…之间的争论；~ for(in favor of)支持…的论点；~with与…的争论arouse vt. 1.引起，激起，唤起 2.唤醒v.+n.~ anger引起愤怒；~attention引起注意；~ curiosity激发好奇心；~ fear引起恐惧；~an intense feeling of homesickness唤起浓烈的思乡之情；~ the public’s interest in environmental protection ~激发公众对环保的兴趣；opposition引起反对；~ passion激发热情；~ public concern 引起公众的关注；~suspicion引起怀疑；~sympathy引起同情v.+prep.~…from例：~a child from sleep把孩子从沉睡中叫醒~…to例：~the public to indignation激发公众的愤慨arrest vt. 1.逮捕，拘留，扣留 2.停止，阻止 3.吸引n. 逮捕，拘留，扣留v.+n①~attention吸引注意；~ the course of destruction阻止破坏的进程；~development阻止发展；~decline阻止衰退；~ the growth of a disease抑制病情的恶化；~ losses阻止损失；~pollution 遏止污染；~progress阻止进步；~ the reader吸引读者；~ speed降低速度；~ a thief逮捕窃贼v.+n②make an ~进行逮捕；resist ~拒捕articulate adj. 1.善于表达的，发音清晰的 2.表达的清楚有力的vt. 1.明确有力地表达 2.清晰地吐字发音adj.+n.~argument清楚有力的论点；~ speaker善于表达的人；~speech口齿清楚v.+n.~ one’s anger清楚地表达自己的愤怒；~ sounds清晰地发出声音；~ every word说清每一个字artificial adj. 1.人工的，人造的，人为的 2.假的，矫揉造作的adj.+n.~additive人工添加剂；~advantage人为的优势；~ price control人为的价格控制；~ flower 假花；~ intelligence人工智能；~ leather人造皮革；~ manners矫揉造作的举止；~ smile虚伪的微笑artistic adj.1. 艺术的，艺术家的 2.富有艺术性的，精美的，精彩的adj.+n.~ appeal艺术感染力；~ attainment艺术造诣；~ criterion艺术标准；~design精美的设计；~discrimination艺术鉴赏力；~effect艺术效果；~performance精彩的演出；~ talent艺术天赋；~ temperament艺术家的气质；~ works艺术品ascertain vt.查明，弄清，确定v.+n.~ the date of the game确定比赛日期；~ the facts查明真相；~ where the trouble lies弄清毛病所在ascribe vt. 1.把…归因于 2.把…归属于v.+prep.~…to例：~ the painting to Picasso认定这幅画为毕加索的作品；~ sb.’s success to luck 把某人的成功归因于运气aspiration n.强烈的愿望，志向，抱负adj.+n.enthusiastic (passionate)~强烈的渴望；lofty(soaring) ~雄心壮志；political~政治抱负v.+n.achieve (fulfill, realize) one’s ~实现抱负；cherish (nurse)~怀有抱负；fail in ~未实现抱负n.+prep. ~ after(for, to) 例：~ after fame对名誉的渴望；~ for freedom对自由的渴望；~ to greatness成就伟大事业的抱负assemble vi. 集合，聚集vt. 1.集合，聚集，召集 2.装配v.+n. ~ a bookcase组装书架；~ a car装配汽车；~ the data收集资料；~ forces调集兵力；~ a machine组装机器；~ the members for a meeting召集成员开会；~ pupils for an outing集合学生外出游玩；~statistics汇集统计数字n.+v.Delegates ~ for a meeting代表集合开会。