初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化1) 规则变化(1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。

(2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。

(3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies，flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。

(4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes，tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。

(5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives，wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。

背记小口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。

2) 不规则变化(1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。

(2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。

(3) 其他形式。

child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-lawman与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。

3) 特殊的复数形式(1) 只有复数，没有单数形式。

如：trousers裤子，clothes衣服，shorts短裤，goods商品，glasses眼镜，shoes鞋子等。

(2) 集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰，只能在其前加the表示全体，如：the police，the English，the people，动词也用复数形式，但family，class，team，group等集合名词，若指整体，看作单数形式，若指其中的成员，则看作复数形式，动词也应该有相应变化。

注意：可数名词的量可以用many，few，a few，a(large/great) number of，a great/ good many 等来修饰，而some，several，any，enough，most，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large／small quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。

2．不可数名词(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式，前面不能直接加冠词，但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词，如have a good time，a heavy rain，a strong wind等。

(2)不可数名词可以用much，little，a little，a great deal of，a large/small amount等来修饰，当这些做主语时，主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数。

3．常以复数形式出现的名词People(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)，police(警察)，glasses(眼镜)，这些名词做主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语要用复数。

4. 复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。

这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。

如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)，No news is good news．5. 名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加’s，如Kate’s，但以-s结尾的复数，只加“ ’ ”，如Teachers’ Day; of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系，如the problem of the Americans。

但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有’s的形式，如two days’ trip。

(2) 当某物为两人共有时，名词所有格为A+ B’s。

而当某物为各人所有时为A’s+B’s。

(3) 双重属格则指：of 属格+名词所有格／名词性物主代词，如a cousin of my father's，a friend of mine。

三）考题精讲【例1】In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _____ about her visit to Egypt.A. newsB. storiesC. informationD. truth【解析】many只能修饰可数名词的复数，而A、C和D均为不可数名词，因此正确答案为B。

【例2】They bought some _____ at the supermarket yesterday. (potato)【解析】potato是可数名词，some既可修饰可数名词的复数，又可修饰不可数名词，而potato是以o结尾的特殊类型加-es，所以应填potatoes．【例3】Shanghai is one of the biggest ____ in the world. (city)【解析】以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys, days但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies,flies, libraries；而city属于后者，因此正确答案为cities。

【例4】It's over _______ from Shanghai to Nanjing.A. three hours' driveB. three hour's driveC. three hours drivesD. three hours drive【解析】三小时开车的路程，表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有's的形式，因此选A.（四）考点精练Ⅰ. Choose the best answer1.We can get more ________ about the international affairs on the Internet than before.A. informationB. bookC. reportD. progress2.If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you ______.A. a piece adviceB. an adviceC. some adviceD. some advices3.Bret, an old friend of _______ , has decided to give up drinking because he is a driver now.A. my fatherB. my fathersC. my father'sD. my fathers'4.— Could you tell me when _______ is? — Yes, it's on the third Sunday in June.A. Mother's DayB. Father's DayC. Tree Planting DayD. Thanksgiving Day5. _______ tourists will come to visit Shanghais during World Expo 2010.A. MuchB. Quite a lotC. A great deal ofD. A great number of6.All the _______ teachers and _______ students are having an important meeting now.A. women; girlB. woman; girlC. women; girlsD. woman; girls7.The wind, together with the rain and fog, _______ making sailing difficult.A. have beenB. wasC. /D. are8.The singer and dancer _______ our party this evening.A. was going to be inB. are going to be inC. were going to be inD. is going to be in9. _______ fun it is to surf on a windy day!A. How aB. What aC. WhatD. How10.I'll give you _______ to finish the work.A. two-weeks timeB. two weeks' timeC. two week timeD. two weeks time11.David talked with a friend of _______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday.A. heB. hisC. himD. himself12. _______ people can afford to buy the house because the price of it is too high.A. LittleB. A littleC. FewD. A few13. _______ progress he has made since he came to our class!A. How muchB. How great aC. What greatD. What a great14.The news _______ for my mother.A. areB. wereC. beD. is15.Your shoes are worn out. You'd better buy a new _______.A. oneB. shoesC. pairD. shoeⅡ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms16.The street near my house is always crowded with cars and ______. (bus)17.There are used to be many nice _______ for children in that shop. (toy)18.China promised to let all the visitors be pleased with the _______ in Shanghai. (serve)19.When you sit out here, you really can feel the _______ of the sun. (powerful)20.These five _______ are my elder brother's classmates. (Germany)21.Spring is here. We can see many ______ flying in the garden. (butterfly)22.The exhibition was held to remember Rambrandt, one of the greatest _______ in the world. (art)23.It's difficult for us to tell the _______ between these two words.(different)24.It's early summer now, so many warm clothes are on _______ in the shops. (sell)25.We all agree that _______ is more important than knowledge itself. (able)（五）考题预测I. Choose the best answer1.I must go to the supermarket now. There are few _______ here.A. riceB. milkC. meatD. eggs2.There _______ some old people taking a walk in the park.A. isB. areC. hasD. have3._______ useful work they have done!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an4.We got _______ from his lecture yesterday.A. some useful informationsB. a useful informationsC. some useful informationD. useful informations5.The students can learn_______ news in their school newspaper.A. quite manyB. plenty ofC. a fewD. a number of6. The man over there is _______.A. John and Mary fatherB. John's and Mary's fatherC. John's and Mary fatherD. John and Mary's father7.When you write to him, please _______ him.A. give my loves toB. give my regard toC. remember me toD. give my wishes for8.When she came into Bob's room, she claimed, “What _______!”A. a messB. messC. a messyD. messy9.— How many _______ are there near the house? — None.A. duckB. chickenC. sheepD. horse10.Physics, as well as English, _______ important in middle schools.A. were veryB. is greatC. are greatD. is very11.When autumn comes, the _______the trees turn yellow.A. leaf onB. leaves onC. leaf inD. leaves in12.People waste _______ electricity and water every day.A. a large number ofB. a huge amount ofC. manyD. quite a lot13.They are those _______ bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor’sD. visitors’14.— What would you like to drink, girls? —_______, please.A. Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeesC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cup of coffees15.There are three _______ assistants in that _______ shop.A. women; shoeB. woman; shoeC. woman; shoesD. women; shoesII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms16.Oh dear! The _______ look the same! (baby)17.Many people lost their _______ in the earthquake last year. (life)18.My mother often buys _______ because she likes eating them very much. (tomato)19.Though France is far away from China, the young people in China are familiar with some of thefamous _______ names. (design)20.A hot _______ started between the man and the woman. (argue)21.Some children can cover the whole _______ of the pool without coming up for breath even once.(long)22.If you run after two _______, you will catch neither. (mouse)23.Beth used to be a shy girl but now she can make a _______ in English. (speak)24.The _______ he took in Beijing attracts his family. (photo)25.The young woman works as a _______ in a five-star hotel. (wait)六）课后巩固练习I . Give the plural forms of the following words.1. zoo_________2. story_________3. fox________4. sheep_________5. leaf________6. child________7. people________8. month_________9. watch_________ 10. knife11. German_________ 12.policeman_______13. city_________14. boy________15. glass________ 16. church________17. Chinese_________ 18. tooth________19. mouse________ 20. mandoctor_____________Ⅱ. Translate the followings into English.1．中秋节2．今天的报纸_______________________________3．法国的首都4．Lucy和Lily的卧室________________________5．骑车十分钟的路程6．一张世界地图_____________________________7．长城8．我妈妈的一位朋友_________________________9．两双鞋10. 10袋大米_________________________________Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.cabbages.A. vegetablesB. meatC. eggsD. fruit () 8. He had something to write down and asked me for_____________________.A. a paperB. some pieces of papersC. some papersD. a piece of paper() 9. How many_____________are there in a year?A. MonthsB. monthesC. MonthD. mouthes() 10. Help yourselves to______________, everyone.A. some fishesB. a fishC. some fishD. some of the fishes() 11. We are very happy with our_________________in our studies.A. great progressesB. great progressC. many progressD. lot of progress() 12. ___________ it is to listen to music when you are free.A. How funB. What funnyC. What funD. What a fun() 13. This is_____________.Look, how happily she is dancing!A. a photo of LilyB. a photo of Lily'sC. a Lily's photoD. Lily's photo() 14. The best day for children is usually June 1st, __________________.A. Children's DayB. the Children's DayC. Childrens DayD. the Childrens' Day() 15. The old man needs at most________________sleep a night, but he has slept for over seven_________tonight.A. five hours', hoursB. five hours, hoursC. five-hour, hoursD. five-hours, hours() 16. There' re_____________in the fridge. Let's go to the supermarket and buy them.A. some fruitB. little meatC. a few eggsD. few vegetables() 17. Mr. Smith always has_________________to tell us.A. some good piece of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some piece of good newsD. some good pieces of news ( ) 18. The wrong word in the sentence " In the photoes, we can see some heroes eating tomatoes. " is___________.A. TomatoesB. EatingC. photoesD. heroes() 19. My father left his bike outside__________________and went in.A. the doctorB. a doctorC. doctor'sD. the doctor's( ) 20. Two______________died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old peopleB. hundreds of old peopleC. hundred old peoplesD. hundred old people() 21. A: What can I do for you? B: I want three______________________ . ,A. loaf breadB. loaf of breadC. loaves breadD. loaves of bread()22. It______________nearly three____________since I last met her in the party.A. is ... monthB. was . . . monthesC. is . . . monthsD. were ... monthes() 23. There are many________________of___________in the lake.A. kinds . . . fishesB. kind . . . fishesC. kinds ... fishD. kind . . . fish() 24. _______ there________________milk in the cup?A. Are ... someB. Is .. . someC. Are .. . anyD. Is . .. any ( )25. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, __________like ball games.A. the othersB. AnothersC. the otherD. other() 26. We got two useful________________from yesterday's newspaper.A. pieces of informationB. piece of informationC. pieces informationD. piece information() 27. There is_____________under the bed.A. a pair of shoeB. a pair of shoesC. pair of shoesD. a pair shoes() 28. The teacher gave us_______________on how to learn English well.A. a piece of adviceB. a few adviceC. some advicesD. an advice( ) 29. There are many_______________in your school.A. women teachersB. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher() 30. My uncle is talking with the two__________________now.A. GermansB. GermeC. GermanyD. German【Keys】考点精炼1-5 ACCBD 6-10 ABDCB 11-15 BCCDC16-25 buses, toys, service, power, Germans, butterflies, artists, difference, sale, ability. 考题预测1-5 DBACB 6-10 DCACD 11-15 BBDCA16-25 babies, lives, tomatoes, designer, argument, length, mice, speech, photos, waitress.课后巩固练习答案：Ⅰ. 1. zoos 2. stories 3. foxes 4. sheep 5. leaves 6. children 7. people 8. months 9. watches10. knives 11. Germans 12. policemen 13. cities 14. boys 15. glasses16. churches17. Chinese 18. teeth 19. mice 20. men doctorsⅡ. 1. Mid-autumn Festival 2. today’s newspaper 3. the capital of France 4. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom5. ten mimutes’ ride6. a map of the world7. the Great Wall8. a friend of my mother’s9. two pairs of shoes 10. ten bags of riceⅢ. 1. leaves 2. people 3. glasses … milk 4. money 5. feet 6. women 7. lives 8. dumplings9. Tomatoes 10. toysⅣ. 1-5 BDDCA 6-10 AADAC 11-15 BCAAA 16-20 DDCDD 21-25 DCADA 26-30 ABAAA。