人教版(2019)新教材高中英语必修第二册第四单元词汇学案UNIT FOUR1.Confucius [kən'fjuːʃəs]: n. 孔子Temple of Confucius: 孔庙Confucius Institute: 孔子学院1)Confucius was a great thinker, educator, and philosopher.2)Confucius was a pioneer in the field of education.孔子: (公元前551年9月28日－公元前479年4月11日),子姓,孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,鲁国陬邑[zōu yì] (今山东曲阜)人,祖籍宋国栗邑[ lìyì] (今河南夏邑),中国古代思想家、政治家、教育家、儒家学派创始人。
孔子开创私人讲学之风,倡导仁义礼智信。
有弟子三千,其中贤人七十二。
曾带领部分弟子周游列国十三年,晚年修订六经(《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》)。
去世后,其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来,整理编成《论语》。
该书被奉为儒家经典。
孔子是当时社会上最博学者之一,在世时就被尊奉为“天纵之圣”“天之木铎”,更被后世统治者尊为孔圣人、至圣、至圣先师、大成至圣文宣王先师、万世师表。
其思想对中国和世界(特别是亚洲)都有深远的影响,其人被列为“世界十大文化名人”之首。
2. mansion [ˈmænʃn]: n. 公馆;宅第Kong Family Mansion: 孔府1)My grandfather spared no money when he built this mansion.2)Compared with our old house, the new one is a mansion.3)What I need is just a small room, not a mansion. 3. cemetery [ˈsemətri]: n. 墓地;公墓tomb [tuːm]: n. 坟墓grave: n. 坟墓Cemetery of Confucius: 孔林1)A cemetery is a place where dead people’s bodies or their ashes are buried.2)The old man died and was buried in the cemetery.3)She rests beside her husband in the local cemetery.4. philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi]: n. 哲学philosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)]: 哲学家1)Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy.2)Confucius is one of his favourite philosophers.3)He studied philosophy at Cambridge.4)Philosophy is too deep for me.5. descendant [dɪˈsendənt]: n. 后裔;后代;子孙generation [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn]: n.一代(人)from generation to generation: 世世代代;一代代1)Confucius has over 3 million descendants.2)As one of Confucius’ descendants, Xiao Kong’s name is recorded in the family tree.3)He says he’s a direct descendant of William shakespeare.6. individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]: n. 个人adj. 单独的;个别的person: n. 人- 1 -people: n. 人; 民族1)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning ofthe individual words.2)Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such hugeenvironmental problems.3)The museum is open to both teams and individuals.7. heel [hiːl]: n. 足跟; (脚/袜子/鞋等的)后跟Achilles’ [əˈkili:z] heel: (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点1)English is his Achilles’ heel.2)Lucy’s Achilles’ heel is that she cannot believe in others.3)She will buy shoes with a low/high heel.阿喀琉斯的脚跟/之踵[zhǒng]阿喀琉斯, 是凡人英雄珀琉斯和海洋女神忒[tè]提斯的爱子。
忒提斯为了让儿子炼成“金钟罩”, 在他刚出生时就将其倒提着浸进冥河。
遗憾的是, 阿喀琉斯被母亲捏住的脚后跟却不慎露在水外, 在全身留下了唯一一处“死穴”。
后来, 阿喀琉斯被帕里斯一箭射中脚踝[huái]而死去。
后人常以“阿喀琉斯之踵”譬喻这样一个道理：即使是再强大的英雄，也有致命的死穴或软肋。
8. kingdom [ˈkɪŋdəm ]: n. 王国;领域king: n. 国王queen: n. 女王; 王后prince: n. 王子; 王孙; 亲王princess: n. 公主; 王妃field/area: n. 领域1)What are the four countries of the United Kingdom? 2)The king is the most important person in a kingdom.9. chief [tʃiːf]: adj. 最重要的;最高级别的n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长(复数: chiefs)main/major: adj.主要的important: adj. 重要的importance: n. 重要; 重要性the chief problem/reason: 主要问题/原因(理由)1)According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of acountry?2)Her chief worry was that she might fail in the test.3)The chief of the police station demanded severe punishments for such a person.4)The Indian chief was killed by four British soldiers.10. puzzle [ˈpʌzl]: n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问v. 迷惑;使困惑puzzling: adj. 令人迷惑的/困惑的puzzled: adj. (人感到)困惑的;迷惑不解的a word puzzle: 字谜be puzzled about sth: 对某事迷惑不解1)Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.2)What puzzles him is why that movie is so popular.3)These problems will puzzle the scientist.4)These problems are puzzling.5)The scientist is puzzled about these problems.- 2 -6)She had a puzzled look on her face.11.nearby [ˌnɪəˈbaɪ]: adv. 在附近adj. 附近的;邻近的(常在名词前)near: 在...附近be near to...: 距...近be far from...: 距...远1)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom ofEngland.2)Her mother lives in a nearby town. = Her mother lives in a town nearby.3)Her mother lives near the town.4)Though they all live nearby, they don’t know each other.12. join ... to...: 把…和…连接或联结起来join in sth/doing...: 参加(活动/运动会等)join sb in doing...: 参加某人做什么join up：连起来; 参军; 会合1)In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom ofEngland.2)The island is joined to the mainland (大陆) by a bridge.3)You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe.13. break away (from sb/sth): 脱离;背叛;逃脱break out: （战争/火灾/疾病等）爆发break down: 毁掉; 坏掉; 抛锚; 身体垮掉; 分解(物理/化学）break up: 分解(物理); 拆开; 驱散; 拆散break with: 与…断绝关系break into…: 闯入break in: 闯入; 插话1)Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from theUK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2)It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.3)The thief tried to break away from the policeman, but he failed.4)Some people in Taiwan want to break away from the Chinese mainland.14. belong [bɪ'lɒŋ]: v. 应在(某处);适应belong to...: 属于; 是…的成员(不能用于进行时态和被动语态)1)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.2)This truck belongs to Mrs. Smith.3)We belong to the Nature Club.4)This music really belongs in the new concert hall.15. as well as: 同(一样也); 和; 还1)They visited some factories, hospitals as well as the school.2)As well as playing football with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.3)The teacher as well as her students enjoys listening to English songs.as well as, along with, together with等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与其前面的名词或代词保持一致。