2–7
1. Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
➢ China 中国古代的管理实践
– 商周的管理职位“三官五卿六爵” – 军队 – 长城的建设
2–8
China (The Great Wall)
• Picture of the Great Wall
• Picture of pyramid
2–4
1. Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
➢ Egypt (pyramids) 5000 years ago
– a project of 100,000 People for 20 years
STEPHEN P. ROBBINS
Eleventh edition
MARY COULTER
Chapter
1
Management History Module
Contents
1.Historical Background of Management 2.Scientific Management 3.General Administrative Theory 4.Quantitative Approach 5.Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior 6.The Systems Approach 7.The Contingency Approach 8.Current Issues and Trends
2–5
Venice 中心码头 古代威尼斯造船流水线
• Picture of the site of
2–6
1. Historical Background of Management
• Ancient Management
➢ Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)
2–2
LEARNING OUTLINE
1. Historical Background of Management
• Early evidences of management practice. • Adam Smith’s division of labor • Industrial revolution
2–11
1. Historical Background of Management
• Industrial Revolution
➢ Substituted machine power for human labor ➢ Created large organizations in need of manag Background of Management • Adam Smith 亚当.斯密
➢ Published “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776
❖ Advocated the division of labor (job specialization) to increase the productivity of workers
•Who told each workers what to do?
•Who ensured that there would be enough
stones at the site to keep workers busy?
•Some one had to plan what was to be done,
organize people and materials to do it, lead
They were
and direct the workers, and impose some controls to ensure that everything was done
Managers as planned.
➢ Created large efficient organizations in need of management
❖ To forecast the demand ❖ Ensure enough material was on hand to make products ❖ Assign tasks to people ❖ Direct daily activities
•During the 1400s in the city of Venice •Warship were floated along the canals and at each stop, materials and riggings were added to the ships, •Developed inventory systems to keep track of materials, •Developed human resource management •Started an accounting system to keep track of revenues and costs
2–10
1. Historical Background of Management
• Industrial Revolution (the late of 18th century)
➢ Substituted machine power for human labor, making it more economical to manufacture goods in factories rather than at home
❖ Pin industry as an example: – 10 individuals, each doing specialized task, could produce about 48,000 pins a day – Each person worked alone, performing each task separately, it would be quite an accomplishment to produce even 10 pins a day.