【推荐】2020年北师版高中英语必修三（全册）精品教学案汇总Killer whales have the second-heaviest brains amongmarine mammals (after Sperm whales, which have the largestbrain of any animal). They can be trained in captivity (囚禁；关押) and are often described as intelligent, although defining andmeasuring “intelligence” is difficult in a species whoseenvironment and behavioral strategies are very different from those of humans.Killer whales imitate others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the Crozet Islands, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed.People who have interacted closely with killer whales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating (证明) the whales' curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines, but also have overcome avariety of techniques designed to stop them, such as the use of unrated (未分级的；未征税的) lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving (恢复；取回) small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. A researcher described what happened next: The killer whale's use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of animal culture.Section_ⅠWarm-up__&_Lesson_1_—_Pre-reading[原文呈现]VIKING VOYAGES①TO AMERICAThe Vikings②were the first Europeans to reach America③. They achieved④this long before ⑤Columbus ever set sail⑥.The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors⑦came from Scandinavia⑧. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD⑨. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live⑩. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red⑪decided to set sail further⑫west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland⑬.[读文清障]①voyage/'vɔIIdʒ/n．航海；航空②Viking/'vaIkIŋ/n．维京人，北欧海盗③名词中心词被序数词或the last 等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。
④achieve v t.实现，到达achievement n．成就，功绩⑤long before 很久以前before long 不久以后⑥set sail启航⑦ancestor/'ænsεstə/n．祖先，祖宗⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰a group of people。
⑨AD n．公元BC n．公元前⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰Northern Europe。
⑪过去分词作后置定语。
⑫further/'fɜː ðə/ad v.更远，较远further 是far 的比较级。
⑬现在分词短语作后置定语。
北欧海盗航行到美洲[第1～2段译文]北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。
早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。
公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。
大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。
公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。
此时，冰岛生活着多达10 000名北欧海盗。
According to⑭the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，⑮for which he got into trouble⑯. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded⑰some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to⑱Greenland⑲.Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland⑳， a man celled Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of○21Eric's party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off○22course○23and found himself in○24an unknown○25land，from where he eventually○26reached Greenland○27.⑭according to根据，依照⑮for which引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词a murder。
⑯get into trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境⑰persuade/pə'sweId/v t.说服，劝服persuade sb. to do sth. ＝persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服、劝服某人做某事⑱make it to到达make it 获得成功，准时到达⑲of which引导非限制性定语从句。
⑳Not long after 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。
○21in search of寻找，寻求○22blow off吹离，吹掉blow away 吹走，驱散○23course n．航线，路线，方向○24“find oneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。
○25unknown/ˌʌn'nəʊn/adj.不知道的，未知的○26eventually/I'ventʃʊəli/ad v.最终，终于○27from where引导定语从句，修饰an unknown land。
[第3～4段译文]根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。
埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。
他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。
埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。
这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。
埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。
In the year 1002, when Eric the Red's son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni's directions○28and sailed to what is believed to be○29the coast of present-day○30Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as○31Newfoundland.We know about Eric the Red and Leif's deeds○32through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing○33 to the Americas.,○28follow one's directions 依照某人的指点○29be believed to be 被认为是○30present-day/ˌprez nt'deI/adj.当今的，现代的○31be known as 作为……而出名be famous as 作为……而出名○32deed/diːd/n．行为，行动do a good deed 做一件好事○33Europeans sailing ... 是动名词的复合结构。