语法总复习名词一、考纲解读明确考点在历年中考中所占分数比例是提高学习效率的首要条件，要做到心中有数！二、学习与应用我们知道，构成句子的两个主要成分是主语和谓语，谓语由动词或者动词短语来充当，而主语则主要是由咱们名词或者名词短语来构成。
由此可见名词多么重要！那还等什么呢？快快进入咱们名词世界畅游吧！常考点知识清单名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类，普通名词又分为可数名词和1.可数名词：________ 两类。
有单数和复数之分，表示一个或者多少。
单数名词表泛指，在前面加冠词后得单词以_____ 音素开头时前用an，反之用 a 。
例如 an -s/-es 。
例如： books/classes。
可数名词复数的变化形式a.规则变化uglya/an. 例如 a man/an old man。
当不定man/a useful book 。
复数形式通常加【巧学妙记】1 ．以 -o 结尾，复数加 -es 的，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：Negro 黑人 hero 英雄 potato 马铃薯 tomato 西红柿 Negroesand heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes.黑人和英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿2 ．以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词变复数改成-v 加 -es，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：Leaf 树叶half 一半self 自己wife 妻子knife 刀子shelf 架子wolf狼thief 小偷life 生命树叶半数自己黄，妻子操刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命亡3 ．以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词变复数时，只加-s 的，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：gulf 海湾， roof 屋顶， chief 首领， serf 农奴， belief 信仰， proof 证据， handkerchief手帕。
可以记为：海湾边，屋顶上，首领农奴两相望谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上b.不规则变化【巧学妙记】名词中单复数相同得，初中英语主要有以下几个单词： Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿，可以记为：中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊和鹿注意事项：1.people 作人们讲时，看做复数，不能加 -s，谓语动词用复数形式； family, class 是集体名词，即指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定2. 有些名词以 -s 结尾，但表达的是单数意义，例如：news/maths/politics/physics/the United States 等3. 常以复数形式出现的名词，例如 glasses/trousers/shoes/gloves/socks/shorts 等，要表达它们得量时常用 pair ，例如： a pair of glasses/trousers/shoes/gloves 等 .4. the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人或夫妇二人，例如the Greens 格林一家 /格林夫妇。
5. 年分前面加 the ，后面加 -s，表示年代，例如：the 1990s 20 世纪 90 年代，6. 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，例如： a shoe shop/an apple tree ，如果要表示复数，就去掉不定冠词，把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，例如apple trees 。
但是也有例外，当 man/woman 作定语时，如果后面的名词是复数，则 man ，woman 也要变成复数。
如：a woman teacher — three women teachers 。
2．不可数名词：a.可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语a lot of, lots of, some, a little, little数词 +容器 +of+ 不可数名词a glass of water—two glasses of waterb.常用得不可数名词food/meat/fish/chicken/pork/beef/mutton/drink/orange/milk/tea/Coke/water/rice/bread/homework/news/paper/ice/rain/snow/wind/cloud/air/weather/maths/Chinese/English/music/information/fun/work等【巧学妙记】八句歌诀可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半如每半不能叫原名，那该词可数最公平每半还能把原名叫，不可数名词就遇到有的名词是两面堵，意变不可数为可数一般来说，一个动物，活着的时候是可数的，肉是不可数的。
3例如 : some chickens一些鸡/some chicken一些鸡肉有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，意思有所变化，如下表：有些名词既能做可数名词，又能做不可数名词，但含义不同，如下表：名词的所有格【知识拓展】1. 有不少名词在汉语中是可数的，但在英语中却不可数，我们不能说 a new/a bread/a cloth 等。
如果要表示“一则 /片 /件”这一概念时，就要加 a piece of 这样的定语，例如 a piece of news2. 有些名词以 -s 结尾，但它们却不是复数。
例如：physics/maths/politics/news3.数词 +名词 +形容词构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。
例如：She is a five-year-old girl经典例题1.Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learnEnglish well.A. an adviceB. many advicesC. some adviceD. some advices2.You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.A. mapB. pictureC. ticketD. information3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.A. horseB. cowC. rabbitD. sheep4.I d on’ t think looking after children is justwork.A. womanB. woman ’sC. womenD. women’s5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It ’abouts _______.A. forty minutes walkB. forty minute walks’C. forty minutes ’ walksD. forty minutes ’ walk6.There are a lot of ______ planting trees on thehill.A. boyB. peopleC. girlD. student7.－ Your English is very good. Who taught you?－Nobody. I taught ______.A. meB. himC. himselfD. myself8.Listen! The ______ are singing in thenext room.A. twins babiesB. twin babiesC. twins’ babyD. twin’ s baby历年中考真题1. In autumn there are a lot of _______on theground. (2013茂名，27)A. leafB. leafsC. leaves2. ------ I ’ m very thirsty now. (2013梅州，32)-------Would you like some______?A. teaB. fishC. noodlesD. potatoes3. — Mum ,I ’ ve heard that we can’ t eat ____ thesedays. Is it true?(2013广东，28)— Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chickenB. chickensC. a chickenD. the chicken4.________ school is quite near the bus station.（2012 茂名， 27 ）A. Ted and Tom’ sB. Ted ’ s and Tom ’ sC.Ted and Tom5.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’ s farm andsaw many_____there. (2012广东，28)A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit6. --- How many are there on thetable? (2011湛江，22)--- Only two.A.glasses of orangeB. glasses of orangesC. glass of orangeD. glasses of oranges7. –---Could you please tell me something aboutthe two_______?–----________.They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School. (2011深圳，4)A. Frenchmen; Yes, pleaseB. Frenchmans; Come onC. Germen; Not at allD. Germans; All right8.I'm so hungry. Please give me ______ toeat (2011 清远， 38)A. three bread B three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breadsD three piece of bread5经典例题历年中考真题9. We all think football is not only ____ game.9. We can see two in the picture.Some girls like football, too.A. a boy ’s (2010 茂名， 31)B. boy ’sB. apples treesC. boys A. apple tree’D. the boys ’C. apple trees10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes. A. leafsB. leaves10.Tomorrow I ’ m going to my______.It’ s a____.(2010 江门， 29)C. appleD. bananaA.aunt;five minutes ’ walk11. There are about one hundred teachers in our’ s walk school. Two thirds of them are _______. B.aunt ’ s;five minuteC.aunt;five minute ’ s walkA. women teachersB. woman teachers’ walkC. women teacherD.aunt ’ s;five minutesD. woman teacher．11.---Two ________died in the accident12 ．— They are thirsty. Will you please give them深圳， 2)______ ?---_________terrible it is! (2009A.policemen ， HowB.policeman,What — Certainly.C.police,WhatD.policemans,HowA. some bottles of waters12 . ― It' s really hot today. What drinks do we B. some bottles of waterhave in the fridge? (2009 广东， 44)C. some bottle of water― We have some .D. some bottle of watersA. noodleB. cheese13 ．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accidentD. lemonadeyesterday.C. sausagesA. toothB. feetC. handD. ear.14 ．There is some _______ on the plate.13. Near our school there are two(2009 肇庆， 23)A. cakesB. meatA. shoes shopsB. shoes shopC. shoe shopsC. potatoD. pears15 ．The______ has two _______ .14.Nowadays people can get muchA. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. oy; watchesD. boys; watchfrom TV, newspapers and the Internet.(2009 梅州， 32)A. ideasB. storiesC. photosD. information15.Three____are eatingthe grass at the foot ofthe mountain. (2009 广州， 27)A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepesD.ships练习题参考答案：经典例题：1~5 CDDDD6~10 BDBCB11~15 ABBBC中考真题：1~5 CAAAC6~10 ADBCD11~15 ADCDB。