现在完成时学案
翻译这两个句子，并且观察他们的时态。

Yesterday I finished my homework. T hat ’ s to say, I havealready finished my homework. ____________________________________________________________
I have lived here since 1990.
_____________________________________________________
现在完成时态
1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
2.现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词
3.现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句He has finished the work.
一般疑问句否定句______________________
______________________
两回答肯定__________否定__________
特殊疑问句_______________________
4.在下列情形下用现在完成时
(1)① already 已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen.
= I have found my pen already.
② yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.： I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
(2)两词组
have<has>gone to 去了某地have<has>been to 去过某地e.g.： He has gone to Beijing
e.g.： He has been to Beijing.
(去了北京
(去过北京
)
)
(3)两结构
for two months for + 一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since last year since + 过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here since + 过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.
5.在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
He has bought the book for 3 years. （错）因 buy 短暂性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用。

①(去掉一段时间 for 3 years) ___________________________________
② (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)He _________the book 3 years ago.
③（用延续性动词have 代替 buy） He _____________ the book for 3 years.
延续性动词和短暂性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

②短暂性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。

come/arrive/get to/reach→ be here I have been here for 3 years.
leave/go→ be away He has been away for 3 hours.
die → be dead His father has been dead for 3 years.
buy /catch→ have I have had the bike for 3 years.
He has had a cold for 3 days.
borrow → keep I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break→be broken marry→be married lose→be lost
6.过去分词的变法规则变化不规则变化动词表。