影响，也受环境中竞争主体的主观意见的影响。他认为，战略不是按照既定 的清单来制定计划，而是需要对不断变化的情况作出迅速而恰当的反应。所 以想取得胜利就需要做好准备抓住机遇。）
Typical example：Zhuge liang presenting a bold front to conceal a weak defense. During The Tபைடு நூலகம்ree Kingdoms period, Zhuge liang lost his strategic
（The Art of War：it is a Chinese military treatise that was written by Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC, during the Spring and Autumn period.）
The main idea : Fight with caution and full preparation.
• Sun Tzu suggested the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He thought that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through an established list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. So to be successful we need to be prepared to seize opportunities. （孙子把战略定位放在重要的位子上，认为战略定位既受客观环境条件的
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Source： The Art of War《孙子兵法（谋攻篇）》
• 是故百战百胜,非善之善也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也。 Therefore those who win every battle are not really skillful ；those who render others' armies helpless without fighting are the best of all.
The theory of “subdue the enemy without fighting”.
"The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without figh ting. " -Sun Tzu. 孙武说，“战争的最高艺术是不战而屈人之兵。”
place - street pavilion. Wei led Sima yi to the western city, where Zhuge liang was located. When they heard that Sima yi had brought the troops, they were shocked. Zhuge liang ordered that all the banners should be hidden, and the soldiers should stay where they were. He asked the soldiers to open the four gates, and on each gate he sent 20 soldiers to dress up as civilians and sweep the streets with water. Zhuge liang himself put on his cloak, put on his scarf, led two little scholars, took a musical instrument, sat down with a tray, lit up the incense, and played slowly. Sima yi suspected that an ambush had been set and the troops were withdrawn. 诸葛亮派马谡驻守失败。司马懿率兵乘胜直逼西城，诸葛亮无兵迎敌，但 沉着镇定，大开城门，自己在城楼上弹琴唱曲。司马懿怀疑设有埋伏，引 兵退去。