必修五U1Great scientistsSection Ⅰ1.put forward(1)提出，提议，建议【搭配】Put forward a plan/a suggestion /a proposal 提出计划/建议/提议(2)拨快（时钟指针）；将…提前Put your watch forward ;it is five minutes slow.We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.(3)=recommend 推荐，荐举Can I put you forward for club secretary ?“提出”之意：Come up withBring upRaise【词汇拓展】Put down 放下；镇压；写下Put…in force 使…生效Put off延期Put out 扑灭，使熄灭；生产Put up with容忍Put in 把…写进（信函，故事等）Put away 收拾好；储存Put …into practice 实施，实行Put on 穿上；上演；假装Put up 举起；搭建；张贴；留…住宿Put aside 把…撇在一边不理，不考虑Put through 给…接通电话；完成Eg: Jack put away the things on the desk, put on his coat and went out of his office because he couldn’t Put up with his boss’s attitude. The meeting where he would be originally put forward as a manager was put off till the next week.他本来要被推荐为经理的会议被推迟到下周举行2.conclusion n.[C] 结论；[常用复数]结束【搭配】Arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论Make a conclusion 下结论；结束In conclusion 总之；最后The expert came to the conclusion that there were many people infected with cholera.这位专家得出了结论：许多人得了霍乱Without supporting evidence, we can’t make a conclusion .In conclusion ,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.【词汇连接】In conclusion 在写作中常做总结语使用，意为“最后，总之”，它的同义短语有in a word, in summary ,all in all ,on the whole, in brief【词汇拓展】Conclude v.得出结论，推断出；使结束，终止Sth from sth 从…推断出…/断定….ConcludeFrom sth that …从…推断出…/断定….With sthConclude (sth ) 以….结束（….）By doing sthTo conclude =in conclusion 总之Eg：I concluded from their words that they were against the plan .He concluded his class with a story.To conclude (=in conclusion ),I wish you a Happy New Year.最后….Decide –decisionExplode- explosionPersuade –persuasion3.defeatVt.战胜；打败；使受挫 n.[C,U]失败，击败John Snow defeated cholera which was a deadly disease of its day.约翰·斯诺战胜了当时是致命疾病的霍乱They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.The painter was a man who hated to admit defeat.这个画家是个不愿认输的人【辨析】【拓展】打鼓用beat,敲门用knock,钟敲几点用strike,Yesterday I defeated /beat John in the match. He won only one set, while I won two. 他只赢了一局，而我赢了两局4.attend.(1)v.照顾；护理；专心；注意Attend (to)sb 照料/关怀某人Attend to sth 处理/专心于某事Eg：There was no one to attend her but Tina .---Would you like to join us in the game ?---I’m afraid not, for I have something important to attend to.(2)vt. 出席，参加【搭配】Attend a meeting/a lecture/school【辨析】5.expose vt.暴露；揭露；是曝光；使接触；使体验Expose …to …. 使…暴露于…；使遭受Be exposed to 暴露于；接触Eg：Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.The scientist attended a meeting last week where many experts discussed how to prevent people from being exposed to polluted water.会上许多专家谈论了如何让人们远离被污染的水Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.The film has been exposed.这卷胶卷曝光了6.cure n.治愈，痊愈 v.治愈某人，解决问题A cure for…治疗…药物（方法）Cure sb of sth 治好某人的…病;矫正，改正（某人的不良行为）Eg: There is still no cure for AIDS.Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.许多人认为监禁解决不了犯罪的问题The physician cured him of his illness.【词汇连接】Warn sb of sthRob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物Inform sb of sth 通知某人某物Rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事Convince sb of sth 说服某人某事Cheat sb of sth 欺骗某人某事Accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事Remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事、使某人想起某事Suspect sb of (doing ) sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事【辨析】7.challenge n./vt.(1)n.挑战Accept /take up a challenge 接受挑战Face/meet a challenge 面对挑战，应对挑战A challenge to 对…的挑战To defeat cholera of its day was a real challenge to many scientist .当时战胜霍乱对许多科学家来说是一个真正的挑战（2）vt.向…挑战；对…质疑；对…怀疑Challenge sb to (do)sthMike challenged me to (play)another tennis game.challenge sb 向某人挑战challenge to sb (×)【词汇拓展】Challenge n.挑战者 challenging adj.有挑战性的8.absorb v.(1)吸收Be absorbed into 被…吞并；被吸收The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.这种乳霜易被皮肤吸收（2）吸收；使专心；使全神贯注【搭配】absorb oneself in=be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专注于The scientific discovery absorbed the physician’s attention.Yuan Longping is absorbed in his research on rice. 专注于他的水稻研究【词汇拓展】Absorbed 专心致志的；全神贯注的【词汇连接】Put one’s heart intoFocus onConcentrate on 全神贯注于……，专注于…….Be lost inBe deep inDevote oneself in9.suspect v.认为；怀疑 n.嫌疑犯，被怀疑者Suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是Suspect sb of (doing)sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事I suspect him to be a pickpocket .=I suspect that he is a pickpocket .扒手The police suspected him of telling a lie about what he was doing at ten last night .Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery .有两名与抢劫案有关的嫌疑犯今天被逮捕了【巧记活用】suspect 词性不同，发音不同。

做名词重音在前，做动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”，此类单词常见的有：n.进口（物） n.增加import increasev.进口 v.增加n.出口（物）exportv.出口10.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水使罪魁祸首It seemed that….是固定句型，=sb/sth seemed to doBlame vt ./n.(1)责备，谴责，把….归咎于Blame sb for (doing)sth 因（做某事）责备某人Blame ….on 把…归咎于Be to blame (for )（因…）应受谴责，（因….）应负责任She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving .Which driver was to blame for the accident?(2)n.[U]过失；责备Bear/take the blame for 对…负责Put/place/lay the blame on sb 将责任归咎于某人if that happens, the coach will take the blame for it .They placed the blame o the doctor .Don’t always blame your failure on others; sometimes you yourself are to blame .有时候该怪你自己【易错提示】Be to blame 为主动形式表达被动含义With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that dangerous gas was to blame .有了这个额外的证据，我们可以得出结论：危险的气体是罪魁祸首11.pollute vt.污染；弄脏；腐蚀Bicycling is good exercise ;besides, it does not pollute the air.Our bookstores never sells books which pollute people’s mind. 我们的书店从不出售毒害人们思想的书籍【词汇拓展】Polluted adj.受到污染的pollution n.污染；玷污12.handle n./vt.(1) n.[C]柄；把手Hold on to the handle, or you’ll fall off.She turned the handle and pushed the door open .她转了一下把手，把门推开了（2）vt.处理=deal with ; 操纵=operateThe worker was so expert that he could handle such a difficult situation.The pilot knows how to handle a plane.13.link (1)vt.联系；连接起来Link A to/with B 将A与B 联系起来，连接起来Be linked to…与…有联系/有关The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.Heart disease might be linked to smoking .(2)n.联系；连接；关系a link between A and B A与B之间的联系a link with/between …与…的联系/关系eg：the police suspect there may be a link between Tom and the murder .The country would like to maintain trade links with China. 这个国家愿意与中国保持贸易关系【词汇连接】①“将….和…连接起来”还可以用 connect …..to /with 和join …to 来表达②“与…有关系/有关”还可以表达为be related to ,be connected with, be associated with ,Have something to do with14.announce v.宣布；通告Announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事It is announced that …据宣布….It is wise to announce the news to the public.It is announced that there’ll be a celebration on National Day.据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会【易错提示】Announce 不能跟双宾语，即没有announce sb sth 结构，应用 announce sth to sb类似的动词还有：suggest , explain ,report ,say 等【辨析】【词汇拓展】Announcement n.通告；宣布；声明Make an announcement 宣布；通知The minister is about to make an announcement . 部长马上就会宣布15.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们即不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法Neither …nor ….既不….也不…. 可连接词性相同的词，词组，或结构，表示完全否定，如果连接两个名词或代词做主语，谓语动词与nor 后保持一致；如果neither…nor….连接两个句子，且放在句首，则两个句子必须部分倒装Neither you nor I am going to do it.你和我都不打算去做这件事Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.【句型拓展】连接并列的名词或代词做主语，谓语动词的数要遵循就近原则的连词还有：either …or…Not only ….but (also )…Not ….but …. 不是….而是….Or…Either Tom or you are to blame .要么怪Tom ,要么怪你Not our but I am to blame for the mistake .16.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. Every time 时间名词引导时间状语从句=wheneverEvery time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.Every time she comes, she brings a friend.【句型拓展】英语中，可用作连词的名词有：①表示习惯性，经常性的动作或“第几次做某事”Every time , each time , next time , the first/second ….last/timeEvery time /Each time he comes to Beijing ,he will come to see me.He happened to be out the last time I called on him. 上次我去拜访他时，他碰巧出去了②表示瞬间变化，“一….就….”，The momentThe minuteThe instantThe secondTell him the news the minute you see him .I recognized you the instant I saw you .③表示具体的某个时间概念，“….的那天/那年等”The dayThe weekThe monthThe yearThe springHe called on his old friend the day he arrived.17.①The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖②To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.第一句中的suggest 表示“暗示，表明”后的从句是陈述语气，第二句中的suggest 表示“建议”后的从句用虚拟即（should） +do ，【考点提炼】Suggest 后接宾语从句的用法⑴suggest 意为“暗示，表明”其后的从句不用虚拟，用陈述语气The evidence suggests single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.⑵suggest 意为“提议，建议”后的宾从用虚拟，即(should)+doThe teacher suggested the boy should take up a challenge bravely.老师建议这个男孩应该勇敢地接受挑战【句型拓展】表示“建议，命令，要求”的动词后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟即（should ）+do :一个坚持: insist两道命令：order command四条建议：suggest advise propose recommend四点要求：demand desire request requireThey insisted that everyone should attend the meeting .他们坚决要求每个人都参加会议He commanded that I should set off in advance.他命令我提前出发The woman requested that they speak in a whisper because a baby was sleeping.The teacher required that students not use mobile phones in class.18.have sth done 有三层意思Have 为使役动词“使，让”（1）主语请、派别人完成某事We have the machine repaired.（2）主语完成某事，可能参与，也可能不参与We must have the work finished by Tuesday.（3）主语遭受某种不幸I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.【句型拓展】Section Ⅱ1.contribute(1)vt.捐献；贡献；捐助Contribute …to …We contributed 5000 to the earthquake fund.(2)vt.给报纸，杂志撰稿，投稿熟词生义的考察高考He contributed a number of articles to the magazine.(3)vi.有助于；促成Contribute to 有助于、有益于；导致Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?【巧记活用】Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his return to school.使他可以重返校园A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper .【辨析】【词汇拓展】Contribution n. 捐助；贡献；捐助物Contributor n.捐助者Make a contribution /contributions to 为…做出贡献Everyone should make contributions to his motherland, defending his country from the enemy.2.apart from =aside from 有三种含义：（1）除了…外还；此外；加之=in addition to =besides =as well asApart from English ,he had to study a second foreign language while in college.(2)除了…外都=except=butI hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.(3)除了，只是=except for,表示细节上的修正The essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistake .【辨析】3.语法专项突破过去分词作定语过去分词作表语Section Ⅲ1.be /become strict with sb 对某人严格The scientist, who is absorbed in his work, is always strict with himself.【词汇拓展】Be strict in sthStrictly speaking 严格地说2.make sense 讲得通；有意义------反义短语：make no senseOnly if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planet in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置时，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通His conclusion doesn’t make sense.=his conclusion makes no sense.He doesn’t talk much ,but what he says makes sense.【词汇拓展】Common sense 常识Make sense of sth 某人理解，明白某事In a /one sense 从某种意义上说In no sense 决不There’s no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理，没有意义In a very real light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe.从真正意义上讲，光污染使我们看不到自己在宇宙中的真实位置In no sense will we announce the news to the public, or people will get into a panic.There’s no sense in drawing a conclusion without enough evidence .3.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的Be enthusiastic about …对…热情Now many people are enthusiastic about contributing their free time to voluntary work.All the staff are enthusiastic about expanding the business in America .【词汇拓展】Enthusiast n. 热心者；爱好者Enthusiasm n. 热情；热心；热忱With enthusiasm =enthusiastically 热衷地；狂热地The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm .这个建议受到了热情的响应He is an enthusiast for polities。