初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】一、名词的分类二、可数名词与不可数名词(一) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。

物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。

1. 单数变复数的规则【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。

剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano等② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下：小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半，一半放在书架上，一半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元音或词尾发生变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police(4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics(5) 只能用复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –，woman doctor –_____________；○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中心词变成复数形式。

如：shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边”(二)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡肉), fish(鱼肉), food, fruit, beef,orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等；抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等；2. 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：(1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) 用“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces /glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语，例如：a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连用；4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此时中文意思有区别。

如：time, glass, orange, room, experience等三、名词所有格在英语中，特别是表示有生命的名词，可以加's表示所属关系，名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。

1. 有生命的名词所有格(1) 单数名词的所有格加’s。

如：Mother’s Day/ the little girl’s room(2) 以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。

如：Teachers’ Day/ the students’ books(3) 姓氏以s结尾，也可直接加’。

如：Jones’ office(4) 不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。

如：C hildren’s books / Women’s Day(5) 表示两人共有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。

如：莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________(6) 表示两人各自所有时，则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修的名词要用复数形式。

如：王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________2. 无生命的名词所有格(1) 无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示，如：a map of China the cover of the book(2) 表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有，如：China’s future today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walk(3) 以to构成的短语的所有格形式。

如：the key to the door the answer to the question3. 双重所有格双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，如：a friend of Tom’s a photo of mine4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词，如：at John’s (home) at the doctor’s (office) at the barber’s (shop)课堂练习根据中文写出单词的适当形式或用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Dave really likes driving. I think being a (司机) is just right for him.2. You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer (mistake) while youare writing.3. The mascot (吉祥物) of Rio 2016 Olympic Games is the (标志)good luck．4. In 1998，Liu Xiang’s (able) in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.A. abilityB. tradeC. electricityD. memory5.—Would you mind taking some (photo) for us?—Certainly not. It’s a piece of cake.6. —Jeff’s and Amy’s(father) didn’t come to the meeting. Why?—Because they have gone to Beijing.7.She says her favorite (学科) is English.8.Every time I see the strawberries，the sweet (口味) and beautiful color always make my mouth water.9. On September 3 there will be some (activity) in China to celebrate the70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War.10. The Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a(森林)“ tells us that teamworkis very important in a football match.11.Yesterday Lucy told us such good (news) that we are all amazed at it.12. We can't make a sandwich without (面包).13.The actions and words of celebrities(名人) can have a great (影响)because many people may follow them．So they should pay more attention to their behavior and speech．14.The New York Times is a popular daily (杂志).15. Bob has got good exam results. His parents are proud of his (succeed).16. My cousin likes reading. I often buy (book) for his birthday.17. There are lots of (rule) that students have to follow in school.18. —Finding information is not a big deal today.—Well，the challenge is how we can tell whether the information is (use) or not.19. None of them talked. They finished their meal in (silence).20. —Where are you going to spend your summer holiday，Jenny?—I haven’t made a(decide) yet．I’m going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.21. —Would you like some (tomato) for dinner? —OK.22. —Will you go to the (体育馆) this afternoon?—Yes. I want to go swimming.23.—A study shows that good habits play a very important (部分) inchildren’s education.—I think so.24. —Mum，I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.—Oh，dear! You must get a cold. You’d better see a (医生) after breakfast.25. —Any special offer in this shopping mall now?—Sure，we have the latest e-products on (sell).26. —What’s your favorite，Jim?—My favorite is (音乐). I often listen to it on MP3.27.Sun Nan got tons of (注意力) as soon as he announced that he wouldstop competing during I Am a singer.28.(Healthy)is important for us teenagers，so we should eat morevegetables such as tomatoes and potatoes to keep healthy.29. I think Zhou Xun is one of the best (演员). I like her movies very much.30. ---Can I help you，madam? ---I want a pair of (眼镜).31. —What animal do you like best? —I like (老虎) best.32. ---Here are some (orange). ---Do you like them?33. Maori people in New Zealand touch (鼻子) when they meet．34. —Did you go to the (电影院) last night?—Yes，the movie was so funny that it made me laugh many times.35. Tim says that smart Lego has become one of (child) favorite toys.36. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous (symbol) in Americancultures.37. I paid $10 for four (bottle) of milk this morning.38. —The sun is shining brightly.—Why not wear a pair of (sunglass) to protect your eyes?39. Jeff will come to understand you one day. It’s a matter of (time).40. —How can I get some (information) about the 2016 Olympic Games?—Why not search the Internet?41. —We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?—Let’s take a taxi. We have no other (choose) now.42. (十二月) is the last month of a year.43.—Why do you look so excited，Tim? —I’ve just got a wonderful (工作).44. —Would you like to go to the space museum?—I’d love to，but I haven’t made (a)(decide). I’ll think about it.45. —I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor (pronounce).—You’d better practice speaking more.46. —Mr. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.—She said she would never forget some pleasant (experience) while working there.47. —More and more people come to enjoy warm spring(温泉)every year.—That’s true. It has become t he (proud) of Xianning.48.The (夏季) of Chongqing is really hot，but we still like living here.49. —What is Jim and Paul’s brother? —He is a (警察)50. Could you please take my picture？Here is my (照相机).巩固练习1. —Betty, pas s me the _______. I’ll cut the cake.—OK, Mom. Here you are.A. sugarB. scarfC. knifeD. note2. Our school uniforms are out of_______. We think young people should looksmart.A. luckB. sightC. reachD. fashion3. —The picnic is only in three days. Have you made any _______?—Not yet. So let’s discuss what to prepare.A. wishesB. plansC. mistakesD. friends4. —I hear you have to get up early every morning.—Right. It's one of the _______ of my family.A. plansB. jobsC. programsD. rules5. —Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a present, but I don’tknow how to use it.—Why not read the _______ first before using it?A. expressionsB. applicationsC. advertisementsD. instructions6. My teacher gave me much _______ on how to study English well when I hadsome trouble.A. adviceB. questionC. suggestionD. problem7. —Excuse me; Is the museum far from here?—No, it’s about _______.A. 5 minutes walkB. 5 minute walkC. 5 minutes’ walkD. 5 minute’s walk8. —Lily, could you please pass me the _______? I want to cut the apple. —Sure, here you are.A. penB. pencilC. bookD. knife9. — What ______ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?—A large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. colorB. priceC. sizeD. kind10. —Nobody knows which team will win the2014 World Cup in Brazil?—Yes. That is the of the beautiful game.A. questionB. luckC. hopeD. magic11.—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?—No, it’s my ______. He left it there jus t now.A. brotherB. brother’sC. brothers’12. I want a cup of sweet coffee. Put some ______ in my cup, please.A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar13. —After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.—Why not buy some _______ to drink?A. breadB. noodlesC. apple juiceD. teas14. —What a good _____ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestionD. advice15. —It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by ta king the newly-builtgreen railway.—Yes. It’s said that _______ is enough.A. fifteen minutes driveB. fifteen-minutes driveC. fifteen minute’s driveD. fifteen minutes’ drive16. —Do you come to South Korea for the _______ of seeing your family or doingbusiness?—I come here on business.A. interestB. benefitC. purposeD. thought17. _______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are_______ teachers.A. A number of; womenB. A number of; womanC. The number of; womenD. The number of; woman18. Could you please get me some _______? I’m hungry.A. appleB. waterC. breadD. egg19. —You may go to Milan for a free trip.—It’s a very kind _______, but I really can’t accept it.A. excuseB. offerC. promiseD. decision20. —More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.—That’s true. It has become the ______ of Anhui.A. prideB. effortC. praiseD. courage21. —What’s your favorite ______, Bob?—Cats. They’re so lovely.A. plantB. jobC. sportD. animal22. I am tired. This is not the right ____ to ask me to go for a walk.A. momentB. chanceC. placeD. season23. In this test, we’re asked to write a passage of about ______.A. 80-wordsB. 80-wordC. 80 wordsD. 80 words’24. —How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？—It is a _______ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.A. 2-hours’-longB. 2-hours-longC. 2 hours’ longD. 2 hour long25. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _______.A. noticeB. messageC. sentenceD. information26. —When is Day? —It’s on June 1st, Dave.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. Child’sD. Children’s27. What will global warming bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list.A. newsB. dangersC. coursesD. advantages28. The park is far away from here indeed it’s abo ut _______ walkA. three hourB. a three hour’sC. a three-hoursD. a three-hour29. If you work harder, you’ll have another______ to play the violin at a concert.A. sleepB. chanceC. mistakeD. problem30. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______.A. some riceB. a few riceC. a little ricesD. a rice31. —Oh, a nice photo! Is this your uncle’s child? —Yes, it’s my.A. cousinB. sisterC. brotherD. daughter32. The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ______ from the factory.A. voiceB. noiseC. musicD. song33. —Mum, I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.—Well, I think there is no ______. It’s almost the same as an iPhone 4s.A. reasonB. needC. answerD. way34. Mr. Black is a teacher of______. She and her classmates like him very much.A. my sisterB. my sister’sC. my sistersD. my sisters’35. —Look at the clouds, so beautiful!—Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flowers…A. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. styles36. There are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food ordrink is allowed inside.A. jobsB. recordsC. rulesD. paintings37. It is an English _______ to have afternoon tea.A. menuB. drinkC. festivalD. tradition 课后练习1. ---I want to see the movie Iron Man 3. Do you know the_______ of the ticket?--- Yes. Five dollars.A. numberB. priceC. kindD. name2. Thank you for your_______. I know a lot about Oxfam Trailwalker now.A. attentionB. operationC. inventionD. information3. --- Excuse me, where did you get the book?---I borrowed it from the_______.A. cinemaB. libraryC. parkD. station4. The food safety is a serious _______ in our country. We should try to solve it.A. subjectB. programC. problemD. opinion5. The Chinese_ Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in literature , which cheers usup.A. artistB. scientistC. writerD. singer6. --- Would you please pass me the_______? I need to look up a word in it.--- OK, here you are.A bag B. box C. paper D. dictionary7. --- It's a wise_______ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well.--- Thank you very much.A. choiceB. supportC. mixtureD. honour8. Most Australians love going to the_______ to swim and surf.A. beachB. forestC. grasslandD. desert9. More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad. They should remember to be __ _ with good manners.A. visitorsB. playersC. volunteersD. learners10. --- Would you like some_______? ---No, thanks. I'm not hungry at all.A. waterB. soupC. orangeD. bread11. --- Do you have any _______? --- Yes, I like chess and drama best.A. jobsB. dutiesC. hobbiesD. problems12. Li Ming has a good habit of reading English_______ every day.A. knowledgeB. informationC. adviceD. news13. --- The sweater is not the right ______ for me.--- Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one?A. priceB. colorC. sizeD. material14. Mr. White, the principal, has made a great _______ to the growth of the school.A. contributionB. progressC. inventionD. protection15. This is_______ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Jenny and Maria'sB. Jenny's and MariaC. Jenny's and Maria's16. Hangzhou is_______ to hundreds of foreign friends who are working andstudying here.A. homeB. houseC. familyD. room17. --- Could you give me some_____ on how to learn English_____?--- Sure. Practice makes perfect.A. advice; goodB. suggestions; goodC. advice; wellD. suggestion; well18. --- Shall we go_______ on Sunday? I love water sports. --- That's a good idea.A. hikingB. swimmingC. cyclingD. skating19. A/An____ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea andmany other things.A. actorB. scientistC. artistD. doctor20. --- Hello! Is that Jenny speaking?---Sorry, I'm afraid you've got the wrong_______.A. numberB. nameC. addressD. message21. --- Do you know a____ has just opened in our neighborhood?---- Sure, I've enjoyed delicious food there.A. libraryB. restaurantC. bookshopD. park22. --- I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to ride this summer.--- Is that a_______? I'm sure I'll get the bike.A. chanceB. promiseC. trickD. treat23. --- Do you think the_______ of this skirt suits me?--- Of course! You always look beautiful in red.A. sizeB. designC. priceD. color24. --- Look at my stamps. --- They are beautiful! You've got a wonderful_______.A. instructionB. descriptionC. collectionD. expression25. I saw some_______ and_______ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; EnglishmenB. Germans; EnglishmansC. Germans; EnglishmenD. Germen; Englishmans26. _______ fathers can't go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A. Jack and Mike'sB. Jack's and Mike'sC. Jack and MikeD. Jack's and Mike27. --- How far is your home from school? --- It's about two_______ walkA. hoursB. hours'C. hour'sD. hour28. --- I have great_______ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?--- No problemA. funB. successC. adviceD. difficulty29. There is a_______ near our school. We often buy books there.A. bankB. restaurantC. bookstore30. Being honest is the first_______ if you want to make friends with others.A. stepB. timeC. jobD. hand31. --- Someone called you just now.--- I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no_______.A. voiceB. soundC. answerD. result .32. Can you imagine what life will be like in_______ time?A. 20 years'B. 20 year'sC. 20-years'D. 20-years33. I'm happy to see great_______ have taken place in my home town. Many newroads have been built.A. experiencesB. advantageC. dreamD. changes34. You'd better read the_______ first before you use the camera.A websites B. expressions C. instructions D. advertisements35.This kind of suit will be sold for $ 600, which is far more than its real_______.A. valueB. costC. moneyD. price36. --- Excuse me, haven't you learned the new _______ law? Everyone in a car mustwear the seat belt.--- Sorry, we won't do that againA. foodB. trafficC. medicineD. education37. Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot ofhealthy_______.A. foodB. waterC. pearD. carrot38. --- I like reading .---Me too. I especially like the _______ written by J. K. Rowling.A. homeworkB. numbersC. moviesD. books39. The people who are more confident have more_______ to make themselvessuccessful.A. educationB. chancesC. prideD. excuses40. If you want to get more information' about English learning, please visitour_______, www. yyxx. com.A. companyB. storeC. officeD. website41. --- What's the matter? --- I have a_______. I have to go to the doctor.A. headB. toothC. coldD. nose42. Lisa was so careless that she made many spelling _______ in her homework.A. plansB. decisionsC. gradesD. mistakes43. He will have to watch his_______ because of his serious stomach problemA. styleB. dietC. smellD. menu44. Recently, many people dare not eat_______ because of H7N9.A. eggs or chickensB. eggs or chickenC. egg or chickensD. egg or chicken45. People in the south of China like eating_______.A. ricesB. noodlesC. dumplingsD. rice46. Lee is new in Nanchang. Maybe he needs a _______ for sightseeing.A. watchB. ticketC. mapD. notebook47. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite_______.A. workerB. teacherC. dancerD. player48. Look at the nice_______! I've decided to wear it to the party.A. dollB. cupC. posterD. dress49. --- I'm very thirsty now. --- Would you like some_______?A. teaB. fishC. noodlesD. potatoes50. --- Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.--- Don't worry. I will keep the_______.A. secretB. moneyC. addressD. grade。