目录突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达 (1)第一讲提升英语写作的“三板斧” (3)第二讲熟练写作的10类体裁 (18)《突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达》【高考命题规律】1.语用目的——讲好中国故事，增强文化自信高考书面表达的情境设置真实，任务要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我国优秀传统文化的内容，能够引导考生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。
2.文体形式——以应用文为主，主要考查书信/电子邮件从近几年高考全国卷来看，书面表达主要考查应用文，其中以电子邮件为主，邀请信、告知信、介绍类书信考查较多，只有2018年全国卷Ⅱ考查了书面通知。
电子邮件是生活中最常用的应用文体，近几年来，当仁不让地成为了命题专家的最爱，而这也符合了高考“重考查深度更重考查广度”、“贴近生活”的趋势特点。
3.提示类型——以提纲作文为主，试题的开放性越来越强近几年高考书面表达主要以提纲作文为主，但提示越来越简洁，试题的开放性逐渐增强。
(半)开放性体现在试题既为考生提供了恰当的提示，又留有供其自由发挥的空间，既让低水平的考生有话可写，又让高水平考生有展现自己语言表达能力的机会，保证试卷的区分度。
【掌握备考策略】●普通作文VS高分作文——找出差距才能目标明确●高考书面表达评分细则——各省可能根据情况稍有不同1.本题满分为25分，按5个档次给分。
如果是第四档(16-20分)，那么就给18分。
好处是：阅卷教师们“没有风险”，怎么都说得过去。
坏处是：低分下不去，高分上不来。
2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5.评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将其分数降低一个档次。
●书面表达评价表——自我评价与同伴互评写作训练时，教师评价和修改虽重要，但自我评价和同伴互评效果更佳，可以借鉴下表进行自我评价和同伴互评。
第一讲提升英语写作的“三板斧”——从“素颜”到“惊艳”微技能一学会用词——准确·得体·亮眼单词和短语是文章最基本的组成单位。
用词是否准确、出彩在一定程度上决定了作文能否得高分。
高考英语书面表达评分标准也鼓励考生使用高级词汇，但使用高级词汇并不等于使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。
在使用词汇时，我们可以尝试如下方法。
1.无重复原则——求雅变异写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。
用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是词汇高级用法的体现。
恰当地使用同义词不仅可以体现雅致的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。
By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in different fields.→By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in various fields.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)通过学英语我开阔了我的视野，增加了我在各领域的知识。
2.具体化原则——生动贴切所谓词义具体化原则是指，写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。
So good do they look that I think you could be interested in them.→So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)3.晚词优先原则——新颖高级为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的词汇代替低年级阶段学到的词汇。
Aimed to help us to know the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is the most beautiful” was held last week.→Aimed to help us to be aware of the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is the most beautiful” was held last week.(2019·北京卷满分作文)旨在帮助我们意识到劳动的重要性，上周举办了一次主题为“劳动最光荣”的活动。
4.短语优先原则——凑词增色用短语代替不仅会使文章增加亮点，而且如果关键时刻思维短路，用短语凑字是一个很好的选择。
(1)形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词Working as a volunteer will be very beneficial to my oral English.→Working as a volunteer will be of great benefit to my oral English.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)做一名志愿者将会对我的口语很有益。
(2)动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换注意：更多短语替换参考P275“高级词汇添色彩”部分。
①I like playing football in my spare time.→I’m fond of playing football in my spare time.→I’m interested in playing football in my spare time.→I’m crazy about playing football in my spare time.→I’m addicted to playing football in my spare time.②I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.→I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/consideration.注意：并不是短语一定会比单词好，要根据具体情况，有时候贴切传神的单词要比短语更合适。
例如：①We can look at this problem in many ways.→We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有内涵)②We all live on one and the same planet.→We all share one and the same planet.(share比live on更有“味感”)很多考生作文裹足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的“第一反应词”，背了大量的靓词妙语而不用。
建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”，例如：beautiful→attractive/charming，difficult→tough/challenging注意：高级词汇一定要使用合理、得体，能够完成表达任务为目的，简单地不加分别地堆砌所谓的高级词汇不仅不能让你的作文增色添彩，而且会令阅卷者心生厌恶。
【即时训练】Ⅰ.用高级词汇替换加黑词语1.He should have driven more slowly.→He is supposed to have driven more slowly.2.Because of the good weather，our journey was comfortable.→Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.3.Most of the students are short-sighted.→The majority of the students are short-sighted.4.The rain was heavy，and as a result the road was flooded.→The rain was heavy，and consequently the road was flooded.5.Jack is very clever，who often thinks of new ideas.→Jack is very clever，who often comes up with new ideas.6.Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books.→Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.7.I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.8.Would you please help me to turn down the radio?→Would you please do me the favor to turn down the radio?Ⅱ.根据提示用高级词汇改写下列句子1.As a result，the plan was a failure.(turn)→The plan turned out to be a failure.2.I believe that our country will become stronger and stronger.(convince)→I am convinced that our country will become stronger and stronger.3.He spends all his spare time in reading.(devote)→He devotes all his spare time to reading.4.As soon as he arrived，he began his research.(介词短语作状语)On his arrival，he began his research.5.The summer vacation is coming.(介词短语作表语)The summer vacation is round the corner.6.Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.(occur)→An idea occurred to me that/It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.7.Developing a good habit is also important.(of＋n.)→Developing a good habit is also of importance/significance.8.The number of English learners is increasing.(介词短语作表语)→The number of English learners is on the rise.9.I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.(take)→I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account. 10.More and more Americans are curious about Chinese culture.(number)→An increasing number of Americans are curious about Chinese culture.微技能二学会写句——简洁·求异·高级句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。