实验一网络配置与常用命令一、实验目的掌握TCP/IP协议的配置方法；掌握如何使用IPCONFIG命令验证PC的网络配置；掌握如何使用PING命令验证目标主机的连通性；掌握如何使用TRACERT命令跟踪目标主机路由；掌握如何使用NETSTAT命令查询主机当前网络连接；掌握如何使用ARP命令查看ARP高速缓存；掌握如何使用NSLOOKUP命令进行域名查询；二、实验环境1．运行Windows 2000/2003Server/XP操作系统的PC两台；2．每台PC具有一块以太网卡，通过双绞线与局域网相连；图1 Tracert命令实验网络结构图三、实验原理网络命令：IPCONFIG---IP地址相关配置查询命令PING---网络连通性测试命令TRACERT---路由跟踪命令NETSTAT---网络连接查询命令ARP---以太网络ARP 表命令NSLOOKUP---域名查询命令四、实验步骤1．为PC配置IP地址、子网掩码、网关和DNS为PC配置正确的IP地址及相关参数：第一，点击开始->控制面板->网络连接->网卡。

第二，点击属性按钮。

第三，选择TCP/IP协议，选择属性。

第四，配置IP地址、子网掩码、网关、DNS。

第五，验证PC的IP地址及相关参数配置2．使用IPCONFIG命令查询主机的网络配置3．使用PING命令验证目标主机的连通性⑴使用PING命令测试连通性C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping Pinging [202.108.9.38] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 202.108.9.38: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.38: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.38: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.38: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 202.108.9.38:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 1ms⑵使用PING命令对目标主机PING 1000字节数据包C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping -l 1000 Pinging [202.108.9.33] with 1000 bytes of data: Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=1000 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=1000 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=1000 time=6ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 202.108.9.33:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 3ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 4ms⑶使用PING命令对目标主机连续PING 10次C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping -n 10 Pinging [202.108.9.33] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 202.108.9.33:Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms⑷使用PING命令持续PING目标主机，使用Ctrl-C结束C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping -t Pinging [202.108.9.33] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Reply from 202.108.9.33: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=56Ping statistics for 202.108.9.33:Packets: Sent = 13, Received = 13, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 8ms, Average = 5msControl-C^C4．使用TRACERT命令跟踪目标主机路由C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert -d Tracing route to [202.108.9.33]over a maximum of 30 hops:1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 58.135.192.622 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 211.153.251.973 186 ms 190 ms 198 ms 211.153.5.224 177 ms 172 ms 167 ms 61.148.82.895 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 61.148.3.56 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 61.148.143.267 9 ms 9 ms 8 ms 210.74.176.1948 7 ms 6 ms 7 ms 202.108.9.33Trace complete.5．使用NETSTAT检查PC当前的网络连接C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>netstat -anActive ConnectionsProto Local Address Foreign Address StateTCP 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:1025 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:1027 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:1028 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:1029 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:1433 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:3389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:8888 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:56737 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 0.0.0.0:56738 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 58.135.192.57:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENINGTCP 58.135.192.57:1433 58.135.192.57:2125 ESTABLISHED TCP 58.135.192.57:1433 58.135.192.57:2134 ESTABLISHED 6．使用ARP命令查看ARP高速缓存使用arp命令可以查看ARP高速缓存中的内容，可以清除缓存中的地址映射，建立新的地址映射。