1._ ___ had been an evident influence on Naturalism. It seemed to stress the animal impulse ofman, to suggest that man was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.A. UnitarianismB. Origins of SpeciesC. Puritanism and InfluenceD. Capitalist Economy2.Who is called “the true father of our national literature” by the writer H. L. Mencken?A. Benjamin FranklinB. Mart TwainC. HemingwayD. William Faulkner3.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, which was still a big influence uponthe writers of this period, there were two thinkers _____ whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.A. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund FreudB. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund FreudC. the Swiss Car Jung and the American William JamesD. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud4.The American realists approached the harsh realities and pressures in the post-Civil warsociety by _____.A. a comprehensive picture of modern life in its various occupations, class stratifications andmannersB. a psychological exploration of man’s subconsciousnessC. a disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil WarD. both A and B5.By the turn of the century, with the publication of The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg andThe Mysterious Stranger, the change in Mark Twain from ______ to _____ could be felt.A. an optimist...an almost despairing pessimistB. an almost despairing pessimist...an optimistC. a local colorist...a naturalistD. a naturalist...a local colorist6.The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be Jame’s masterpiece, which ____.A. incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an Americangirl in a European cultural environmentB. tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of theEuropean lifeC. is about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in RomeD. tells about some Europeans who learn with difficulty to adapt themselves to the Americanlife7.About Henry James’ literary criticism, which of the following is not right?A. It is both concerned with form and devoted to human values.B. He indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life in every possible form.C. He advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him.D. He believes that the artist can’t feel the life, but he can understand human nature in theirown way.8.The characters presented by the naturalist writers were _____.A. more often than not dominated by their environment and heredityB. usually idealized heroes or heroines of unspotted virtue and dazzling accomplishmentsC. in most cases examples of human experienceD. people who were simply all good or all bad9.After the Civil War America was transformed from ______ to ____.A. an agrarian community … an industrialized and commercialized societyB. an agrarian community … a society of freedom and equalityC. a poor and backward society … an industri alized and commercialized societyD. an industrialized and commercialized society … a highly developed society10.Which of the following is said of the American naturalism?A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.C. Humans should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing harshenvironment.D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes,their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.11.Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain's style of language?A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.C. His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration, repetitionand anti-climax.D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary writers.12.Which of the following is not written by Henry James?A. The Portrait of A Lady and The EuropeansB. The Wings of the Dove and The AmbassadorsC. What Maisie Knows and The BostoniansD. The Genius and The Gilded Age13.By the end of the 19th century, the American realists sought to _____ and therefore rejected theportrayal of idealized characters and events in their writings.A. describe the wide range of American experienceB. show animal nature of human beingsC. present the subtleties of human personalityD. both A and C14.Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain?A. In his writings, he made a more extensive combination of American folk humor andserious literature than previous writers had ever done.B. His The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is usually considered a classic book written for boysabout their particular horrors and joys.C. His caustic and increasingly bleak view of human nature began to appear in his earlybooks.D. As a sequel to Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn marks the climax of his literary creativity.15.One of Henry James’s literary t echniques innovated to cater for his psychological emphasis ishis________.A. technique of stream of consciousnessB. first person narrativeC. author’s participation in narratingD. narrative point of view16.The great American realist Henry James treated with great care _________ in the first period.A. ancient European civilization which is satirized severely in his writingsB. the emotional and moral problems of Americans in Europe, or Europeans in AmericaC. the clashes between two different cultures, European and AmericanD. both B and C17.Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with _______.A. the love and marriage themeB. the theme of humor and satire on lifeC. the theme of revealing the miserable life of the poor and criticizing the capitalismD. the international theme18.After the Civil War America had been transformed from to .A. an agrarian community…a society of freedom and equalityB. an agrarian community…an industrialized and commercialized societyC. an industrialized and commercialized society…a highly developed societyD. a poor and backward society…an industrialized and commercialized society19.The three dominant figures in the period of Realism of America are William Dean Howells,Mark Twain and________.A. Henry JamesB. Tom JamesC. James JoyceD. Henry Joyce20.The use of ________ in his writings has made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures inthe 19th century American literature.A. point of viewB. stream-of-consciousnessC. interior monologueD. vernacular21._______ is generally considered to be Henry James’ masterpiece, which incarnates the clashbetween the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.A. The Portrait of a LadyB. The Golden BowlC. Daisy MillerD. The Turn of the Screw22. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _________, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A. AhabB. IshmaelC. StubbD. Starbuck23. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________.A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimistic24. Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and_____ .A. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The Giant25. The impact o f Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another schoolof realism: American___________ .A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalism26. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms -the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse -with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England27. As an autobiographical play, O’Neill’s ___________(1956) has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.A. The Iceman ComethB. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. The Hairy ApeD. Desire Under the Elms28. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include_________, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view29. Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by____________.A. short, clear sentencesB. abundance of local imagesC. ordinary American speechD. highly refined language30. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figure in the 19th century America is his use of____________ .A. vernacularB. interior monologueC. point of viewD. photographic description31. It is on his____________ that Washington Irving’s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America32. At the middle of 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering which is called “____________________”.A. the English RenaissanceB. the Second RenaissanceC. the American RenaissanceD. the Salem Renaissance33. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ____________________.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism34. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is NOT right?A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional a nd psychological effects of the sin upon the maincharacters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.35. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered____________.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe.B. an adventurous exploration into man’s relationship with natureC. a simple whaling tale or sea adventureD. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beauty36. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “____________________.”A. free verseB. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming37. After the Civil War America was transformed from ______ to _________.A. an agrarian community … an industrialized and commercialized societyB. an agrarian community … a society of freedom and equalityC. a poor and backward society … an industrialized and commercialized societyD. an industr ialized and commercialized society … a highly developed society38. Which of the following is said of the American naturalism?A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.C. Humans should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing harsh environment.D.Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes,their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.39. Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain’s style of language?A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.C. His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration，repetitionand anti-climax.D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary writers.40. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of t he 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism: American ______.A. RomanticismB. TranscendentalismC. RealismD. Naturalism41. Which of the following is not written by Henry James?A. The Portrait of A Lady and The Europeans.B. The Wings of the Dove and The Ambassadors.C. What Maisie Knows and The Bostonians.D.The Genius and The Gilded Age.42. More than five hundred poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her generalSkepticism about the relationship between ______ is well-expressed.A. man and manB. men and womenC. man and natureD. men and God43. Which of the following is right about Emily Dickinson’s poems about nature?A. In them, she expressed her general affirmation about the relationship between man andnature.B. Some of them showed her disbelief that there existed a mythical bond between man andnature.C. Her poems reflected her feeling that nature is restorative to human beings.D.Many of them showed her feeling of nature’s inscrutability and indifference to the life andinterests of human beings.44. As a great innovator in American literature, Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in anunconventional style which is now called free verse, that is _________.A. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsB. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeC. poetry without rhymes at the end of the lines but with a fixed beatD. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings45. In the first part of the 20th century，apart from Darwinism, there were two thinkers -______，whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.A. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund FreudB. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund FreudC. the Swiss Carl Jung and the American William JamesD. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud46. Which of the following can be said about Eugene O’Neill plays?A. Most of his plays are concerned about the root, the truth of human desires and humanfrustrations.B. His tragic view of life is reflected in many of his works.C. His plays are concerned about the relationship between man and nature as well as man andwoman.D. Both A and B.47. Most of O’Neill’s plays are concerned about the following except______.A.success and failure in man’s literary careerB. life and death, illusion and disillusion, dream and realityC. alienation and communication, self and society, desire and frustrationD. the basic issues of human existence and predicament48. Which of the following can be said about a typical modern literary work?A. It is a record of sequence and coherence of the history and the world.B. It is a juxtaposition of the past and present, of the history and the memory.C. It is a book of integrity drawn from diverse areas of experience.D. Its perspective is shifted from the internal to the external, from the private to the public.49. As to the great American poet Ezra Pound, which of the following is not right?A. His language is usually oblique yet marvelously compressed and his poetry is dense withpersonal, literary, and historical allusions.B. His artistic talents are on full display in the history of the Imagist Movement.C. From his analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic language inconcrete, perceptual reality, and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtaposition.D.For he was politically controversial and notorious for what he did in the wartime, hisliterary achievement and influence are somewhat reduced.50. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic expression.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. PlymouthD. Boston51. Which of the following statements is right about Robert Frost’s poetry?A. He combined traditional verse forms with the difficult and highly ornamental language.B. He combined traditional verse forms with the pastoral language of the Southern area.C.He combined traditional verse forms with a simple spoken language-the speech of NewEngland farmers.D. He combined traditional verse forms with the experimental.52. Which of the following statements can be said about the works of Scott Fitzgerald, a spokesman of the “Roaring 20s”?A. Many of them portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unendingAmerican dream of fulfillment.B. They are symbolic of the psychological journey of the modern man and his helplessness in themodern world.C. They show the primitive struggle of individuals in the context of irresistible natural forces.D. They penetrate into the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself.53. Which of the following is not written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century?A. The Sun Also Rises.B. The Old Man and the Sea.C. Mosses From the Old Manse.D. The Green Hills of Africa.54. Which of the following statements is right about the novel A Farewell to Arms?A. The aut hor favored the idea of nature as an expression of either god’s design or hisbeneficence.B. The author attempted to write the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in the1930s.C. The author emphasizes his belief that man is trapped both physically and mentally andsuggests that man is doomed to be entrapped.D. It tells a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with an Italiannurse.55. Which of the following is depicted as the mythical county in William Faulkne r’s novels?A. Cambridge.B. Oxford.C. Mississippi.D. Yoknapatawpha.56. To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should ______.A. observe with no judgment whatsoever.B. reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.C. observe at a great distance and sometimes participate in the events.D. both A and B.57. Which of the following is right about American fiction from 1945 onwards?A. A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals within the artisticfield.B. There appeared a significant group of Jewish-American writers whose works were setagainst the Jewish experience and tradition.C. Black fiction began to attract critical attention during the 1950s.D. American fiction in the 1950s and 1960s proves to be a harvest which derived from itspredecessors.58. Which of the following is not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?A. The House of the Seven Gables.B. The Blithedale Romance.C. The Marble Faun.D.White Jacket.59. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ______________.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors60. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington61. In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big parties. The purpose of such descriptions is so show _______.A. emptiness of lifeB. the corruption of the upper classC. contrast of the rich and the poorD. the happy days of the Jazz Age62. In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _________.A. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Dreiser’s Sister CarrieC. Copper’s Leather-Stocking TalesD. Thoreau’s Walden63. Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literarymodernism?A.The Sound and the FuryB. Uncle Tom’s Cabin.C. Daisy Miller.D. The Gilded Age.64. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.65. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"66. Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A. Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B. F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C. Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D. Most writers were politically radical.67. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fameon both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_______________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman68. The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“blac k vision．”TheTerm “black vision” refers to______________.A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black WallB. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes69. Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his____________ in Style，but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.A. crudenessB. eleganceC. concisenessD. subtlety70. Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because_____________.A. all enjoyed living in the declining American SouthB. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and Social institutionsC. most of them were prisoners of the pastD. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable71. Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because____.A. he was mad，mistaking a beast for a humanB. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted tosee how closely he resembled the gorillaC. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic strollerD. he could feel the kinship only with the beast72. In__________, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A. “After Apple-Picking”B. “The Road NOt Taken”C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”D. “Fire and Ice”73. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereasWhitman likes to keep his eye on human Society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as_______, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death74. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the_______in the American literary history．A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature75. Generally speaking，all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human realitytend to be_____________.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists76. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, ______becamethe major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury．A. SentimentalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Naturalism77. American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“_______,” devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization．A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men78. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely Characters in_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The pioneers79. In his realistic fiction, Henry James's primary concern is to present the_________.A. inner life of human beingsB. American Civil War and its effectsC. life on the Mississippi RiverD. Calvinistic view of original Sin80. Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner'sStory “A Rose for Emily,” is NOT true?A. She has a distorted personality.B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D. She is the victim of the past glory.81. Which of the following is NOT the virtue that Franklin enumerated in his The Autobiography?A. TemperanceB. Humanity (Humility)C. FrugalityD. Immoderation82. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the ________ century through the outbreak of ______.A. 18th, the Civil WarB. 18th, the War of IndependenceC. 19th, WWID. 19th, WWII83. _________ believes that the chief aim of l iterary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson84. In Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death, ______________.A. death is personified as a devilB. death is described as the tragic end of a person’s lifeC. death is a stage of life and it leads people to the Heaven of immortalityD. death is described as a beautiful gi rl who couldn’t find her final destination85. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism?A. Thoreau’s WaldenB.Emerson’s NatureC. Poe’s Poetic PrincipleD. Thoreau’s Nature86. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of theNew England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"87 embodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both theRevolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals88. ________is the author of the work “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats89. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a lite rary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_________, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also Rises90. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is__________.A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The FinancierD. The Titan91. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterize d by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing92. Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism, of which Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers?A. FreudB. Darwin.C. W.D. Howells. D. Emerson93. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ____.A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolism94. At the beginning of Faulkner’s A Rose For Emily, there is a detailed description of Emily’s old house. The purpose of such description is to imply that the person living in it ____________.A. is a wealth ladyB. has good tasteC. is a prisoner of the pastD. is a conservative aristocrat95. Most of Herman Melville’s novels are based on sea voyages and sea adventures. Which of the following is not the case?A. Typee.B. Moby-Dick.C. Omoo.D. The Confidence-Man96. In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _______________.A. the force of conventionB. the free spirit of the New WorldC. the decline of aristocracyD. the corruption of the newly rich97. "Two roads diverged in a yellow woodAnd sorry I could not travel both ..."In the above two li nes of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, the poet, by implication, was referring to _______.A. a travel experienceB. a marriage decisionC. a middle-age crisisD. one’s course of life98. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is。