★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive12.重大的：important =crucial=significant13.普遍的：common=universal=ubiquitous14.大量的：abundant=ample= plentiful15在附近，邻近的：near=adjacent=adjoin(the same as adjacent)16.精确的：accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)=exact(correct in every detail)17.模糊的，不清楚的：vague=obscure18.基本的：primary=radical =fundamental19.复杂的：complex=intricate20. 孤独的：Lonely=solitary21.小的：small=minuscule= minute,22.勤勉的：hard-working=assiduous23.困难的：difficult=arduous24.贫瘠的：poor(soil)=barren=infertile25.易受伤的，脆弱的：fragile=brittle= vulnerable26.大的，大量的：.big=massive=colossal=tremendous(INFORMAL)27.公正的：fair=impartial28.安静的：quiet=tranquil= serene29.昂贵的：expensive=exorbitant30.奢侈的：luxurious=lavish=sumptuous31.无趣的：boring=tedious32.寒冷的：cold=chilly= icy(extremely cold)33.烫的：hot=boiling(very hot)34.危险的：dangerous=perilous(very dangerous=hazardous35.显而易见的obvious=apparent, manifest36.唯一的，独一无二的：only=unique= distinctive;37.凄惨的：pathetic=lamentable38.全部的：whole=entire and hot)!39.潮湿的：wet=moist(slightly wet)=damp(slightly wet)=humid(very damp40.错误的：wrong=erroneous41.困难的：difficult=formidable42.典型的：typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)43小心的谨慎的：careful=cautious=prudent44.陌生的：strange=eccentric45.富裕的：rich=affluent46.可疑的：dubious=skeptical （something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive）47.难闻的，恶臭的：smelly=malodorous48.丑陋的：ugly=hideous(if49.吸引人的：attractive=appealing=absorbing50.多种多样的：diverse=miscellaneous53最好的：best=optimal54.敏锐的：sharp=acute55.难以置信的：unbelievable=inconceivable56.著名的：famous=distinguished57.古代的，古老的：ancient=archaic58.可能的，可行的：possible=feasible59.贪婪的：.greedy=rapacious60.很少的，稀少的：rare=infrequent61.生气：angry=enraged(extremely angry)62.有害的：Harmful =Detrimental=Baneful63.严重的：Serious =Severe64.便宜的：cheap =Economical=Inexpensive 65优秀的，杰出的：excellent=outstanding=superior★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten12. 改变：change=transform13.强调: Emphasize=Highlight=Stress=Address14.使用，利用：use= utilize15.粘贴：stick=adhere=cling16忽略，忽视：neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not18.责备：blame=condemn19.建立：build=erect=establish20.侮辱：insult=humiliate21.抱怨：complain=grumble22.缓解，减轻：relieve=alleviate23.扩大：enlarge=magnify24.强迫：force=coerces into=compel25.称赞：praise=extol(stronger than praise)=compliment(polite and political)26.演示：show=demonstrate27.攻击：attack=assault = assail28.避免：avoid=shun29.厌恶：dislike=abhor=loathe(dislike very much)!30.毁掉，破坏：ruin=devastate(slightly)=astound(surprise youto a large degree)=astonish(the same as31.使吃惊：surprise=startle(it means surprise you astound)32.尊重：respect=esteem(FORMAL)33.烦恼：worry=fret34.停止：stop=cease35.改变：change=convert)36.使满意：satisfy=gratify37.使迷惑：puzzle=perplex38.装饰，美化：decorate=embellish39.破坏：Break=Impair=Undermine =Jeopardize=Devastate40.解决：deal With Tackle=Address=Resolve41.需要：need Require=necessitate=call for★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：dangerous = perils =hazardous3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid16.能力：ability=capacity=capability17.顶，最高点：top=peak= summit18.竞争对手：competitor=rival=opponent(especially in sports and politics)19.观点：opinion=perspective=standpoint20.名声，名誉：fame=prestige= reputation21.热情，热忱：enthusiasm=zeal = fervency22.目前：nowadays=currently23.部分：part=component24.结果：result=consequence25相当：quite=fairly26.领域：field=domain27.短暂的：short=fleeting=ephemeral28.奖学金：scholarship=fellowship29.混乱：disorder=disarray= chaos30疯狂地：crazily=frantically31.手段，方法：method=avenue32. 祖先：Forefather=Ancestor=Predecessor33.不同：Difference=Gap=Distinction34. 犯罪：Crime=Delinquency=Criminal Act35 环境.：Environment=Circumstance=Atmosphere=Surro unding=Ambience36 事情：thing=affair=business =matter37. 顾客：customer=shopper=client=consumer=purchaser 38. 方面：aspect=facet=dimension=sphere★adv.&prep.1.所以，因此：so=consequently=accordingly2.尽管如此：despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)3.一直，总是：always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4.永远：forever（adv.）=perpetual（adj.）immutable(adj.)5.非常：very=exceedingly=extremely= intensely ★ useful expressions：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = inpresent-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6. nearly / almost impossible= next to / virtually impossible7. for example=for instance= to name only a few=as an example8. be against = disagree with sth= frown on sth9. remember=bear in mind that10. pay attention to=pour attention into11. reasons for sth=There are several reasons behind sth12 cause.=.give rise to=lead to=result in= trigger13. indicate=suggest =be indicative of =be suggestive of=be fearful of14. attract one's attention.=capture one's attention15. sb take interest in / sb. be interested in=sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb16.unnecessary=avoidable=hardlynecessary=hardly inevitable17. hardly=little if anything=little or nothing18.in my opinion=for my part =from my own perspective19. get many benefits=.reap huge fruits20. think…that=harbor the idea that= take the attitude that=hold the view that= it is widely shared that=it is universally acknowledged that21.some=a slice of=quiet a few= several22. many= an army of= an ocean of=a sea of=a multitude of=a host of=many, if not most.23.more and more=Increasing(ly)=growing。