Unit 1 Animals and Their RightsREADING1Check Your Vocabulary A1.d2.b3.g4.e5.h6.c7.a8.i9.fCheck Your Vocabulary B1.Many children at first refuse to eat animal flesh. They later becometo eating it just because their parents persuade them to eat it.2.There are two different and conflicting attitudes towards animals;they are carefully separated so that the contradiction between the twohardly causes trouble.3.Pictures and stories deliberately avoid presenting the real situationin our modern farms. Children, therefore, are kept from seeing thereality.4.The difficulty will be that non-vegetarian parents do not let theirchildren know about the gruesome side of the story, as they are afraidto refuse to eat meat at meals.5.Unfortunately, non-vegetarian parents will strongly disapprove oftheir children’s unwillingness to eat meat.READING2Check Your Vocabulary A1. malevolent2.misdirected3.alleviate4.simulation5.potent6.arouse7.placate 8. apathetic 9.therapy 10.alternative 11.expedient 12.vilifiedREADING3Check Your Vocabulary A1.balance2.attached department3.wickedness; evils4.pressure5.claim that are has evidence or seen what has happened6.a place where birds are protected and allowed to live freely7. the power to carry out legal judgment8. dirty 9.not having to perform 10.crimesCheck Your Vocabulary B1.When his animals are being experimented on, the act does not takeeffect.2.Your experimenter is not defying law.3.Researchers at Louisiana University launched an eight-year, $2 millionproject funded by the Department of Defense. They use tools to hold cats firmly and they then remove cat’s skulls and shoot in the head.4.The experimenters claim that their purpose for this kind of experimentis to find a way of curing brain-wounded soldiers so that they can later go back to military service.5.Psychologists used medical operations to turn around the eyes of youngcats.6.There is other evidence showing that cats were not adequatelyanesthetized while experimenters cut their eye muscles; animal experimentation was done by people who were not trained and did not have licenses to operate on animals; and mother cats were so agitated by experiments on them that they ate their babies.READING4Check Your Vocabulary A1.denounced2.confinement3.inflicted4.defied5. consensus6.defianceUnit 2 Crime and PunishmentREADING1Check Your Vocabulary A1.minor: people who are under the age of 182.brutally: cruelly3.sympathy: feeling of pity4.severe: harsh5.innocent: not guilty of a crime6.proponent: supporter7.controversy: argument, opposing viewsCheck Your Vocabulary B1.convicted2. Commit3.proponent4.abused5.penalty6. controversies7.brutal8.severe9.executed 10.appealingREADING2Check Your Vocabulary A1.Now we can enjoy the benefits and list in what ways we benefit fromhis death.2.There must be some other benefit by fastening Harding into a chair ina small room and poisoning him to death with gas.3.Now even people who are eloquently in support of executing people, suchas Arizona Attorney Grant woods, who attract a lot of public attention, believe that the death penalty will keep people from committing crimes. 4.But even killing a small number of murders will have great impact onpeople.5.Perhaps the benefit we get from killing Harding is not easy to see.Check Your Vocabulary B1.reaping2.abolish3.counted up4.serves5.revenge6.free up7.strapped8.tangible9.figured 10.barbaricREADING3Check Your Comprehension B1.Her voice and facial expressions show that she is sometimes deep insorrow sometimes furious beyond her control.2.This sense of justice, like many other basic beliefs, is such anecessary element for us to maintain our psychological health that we take for granted and hardly ever become aware of its existence until one day justice is severely violated.3.People’s opinions greatly differ as to what is the proper way forcorrecting punishing wrong/criminal behavior.4.Europeans are quite passionate when coming to the issues of takingtough measures on political violence.Check Your Vocabulary B1. oscillating2. tremulous3.manslaughter4.slain5.reconcile6.sorely7.equilibrium8.rehabilitationREADING4Check Your Comprehension B1.I carefully examined Ton y’s bed to see if he had dirtied it with hisbody fluids.2.When I looked at the sickly man, I could not imagine that he used tobe clean and neat, serious, and determined and that he robbered a bank and killed a cop.3.Many people in the underworld believed that Tony should have donesomething for his partners, but he did nothing. This had hurt his partners. The underworld people believed that Tony’s partners had been betrayed.4.Words had gone around that Tony’s wife was murdered that because theunderworld wanted revenge against Tony for the death of his three crime partners.5.The lights shining in the window made the hollows in his dark face lookdeeper, making his look somewhat evil.Check Your Vocabulary B1.executed2.underworld3.copping out4.eerily5.malevolent6.luminous7. vent8.intelligbleUnit3 Gun Ownership and CensorshipREADING1Check Your Comprehension B1. (The figures and cases of gun accidents and killing) surely will make people think twice before they insist on having their rights to own guns.2. If it takes longer time to own a gun, then it will reduce the chances of people who use guns to harm or kill other people on impulse.3. A gun safety program should be made a must for gun owners, especiallythose who buy guns for the first time.4. Opponents of gun control also think that gun control is similar to censorship. However, with censorship, when I cannot speak certain things, my quality of life may be lowered, but I will still be alive.Check Your Vocabulary A1.bear/keep2.ensure/assure3.place4.protect/enjoy5.enforce/pass6.face7.enjoy/gain/exercise/ensure/assure8.exerciseCheck Your Vocabulary B1.viciously2.antique3.mandatory4.bloodshed5.infringed6.perception7.institute8.legitimateitia 10.censorshipREADING2Check Your Comprehension B1. Houses where people live are far apart. Few vehicles are on the roads. The landscape around you is empty and bare, so that you will not be able to find anywhere to hide when in danger.2.Even when I was inside my car, I was still liable to be attacked, andwithout protection.3. I drove over to him and told him it was a private and legally protectedplace.4.I am not the type that gets excessively worried about my own security,nor am I willing to take risks, but I thought I needed more protection than what I had.5.Just those words and actions spoke in threats and violence, mygesturing with the pistol was a reply in the same rude and violent style, the only way that they could understand.6.I am a pacifist by nature. That peaceful nature inside me makes me sadat the thought that perhaps women can only be free and equal when they are armed.Check Your Vocabulary A1. convinced2.precautions3.stroll4.opinions5.tactic6.vulnerable7.explorationbat9.concealed 10.slash 11.belligerent 12.rock 13.desolate 14.wieldCheck your Vocabulary B1.swerved2.trespassing3.saddened4.slashed5. paranoid6.prowlingREADING3Check Your Comprehension B1.The policeman recognized that the person who threatened and followedme was also reported to have done the same thing someone else years ago and he immediately took me away from my house.2.At the court, I learned that the person who threatened to rape and killme was mentally ill, but somehow was neglected and not placed in a mental hospital.3.In this part of the countryside of the Michigan, people are keen onkeeping and using guns.4.When you keep a gun to protect yourself, you live in constant fear andworry.5.I was not killed, but I changed.Check your Vocabulary1.idyllic2.assailant3.paranoia4.deterrent5.flinch6.close-knit7.propelled8.incarceratedREADING4Check Your Comprehension B1.That day my husband Jim Brady-------the press secretary of RonaldReagan, was (permanently crippled by the assassin’s bullet andtherefore) added to the list of the victims of American handgun war.2.Under the circumstance, Congress votes for a salary increase for allthe congressmen.3.The National Rifle Association expects the public to appease theiranger so that there would be no more anger directed at the policymakers.4.Like me , people in the nation who make sure that laws are obeyed, whoput their life in danger for us every day, are not willing to hand ahandgun to another assassin like John Hinckley.5.Jim Brady knows that it is important to have a waiting time (for peoplewho apply for purchasing guns). He knows that as he is living throughthe agony and suffering of his gun wound.Check Your Vocabulary A1.legacy2. spree3.endorsed/endorses/will endorse4.assaults5. outraged6.gratified7.carnage8.escalate9.legislateCheck Your Vocabulary B1.alarming/appalling2.easy3.growing/alarming4.mindless5.appalling/deadly6.deadly7.vast/growing8.convictedUnit5 Motivation or unhealthy Experience (Competition)READING1Check Your Comprehension Bpetition plays such an important role in our culture that it iscommon to see even adults shouting and swearing on Sunday afternoons (when watching baseball games). This is ridiculous and I feel bad about it.2.From my own experience, I don’t think we can develop deep and fullrelationships by trying to compete and win against a common enemy. 3. If my success means that I have to be better than others, I don’tthink I’ll ever have real satisfaction because I have to keep thinking of how to outdo others, which is very unpleasant and exhausting.4.Even when I reach the top position, I will not feel safe as all thosebelow me will be waiting to outdo me and try to grab the position from me.5.I start to see that my confidence in my personal value and worth isdependent on how much better I am than so many others in so many activities.6.Only when we begin to realize that there is no such a thing as healthycompetition can we begin to live more normal and richer lives.Check Your vocabulary B1.contradicition2.exclusive3.conditional4.outweigh5.incalculable6.induce7. treadmill8.unjustifiable9.hysteria10.outweighREADING2Check Your Comprehension B1.Your knew that one had healthy self-esteem when he/she could enjoycompeting in a hobby,which he/she was not good at.2. A true competition is one in which you don’t know for sure whetheror not you’ll be able to achieve your aim.3.For many of us, competition is an additional ingredient that keeps ourlife interesting, makes us alert and active, and enables us to be more creative and productive.4.It can become a good part of our life and exerts a great (massive)influence on how we live.5.Parents must also set an example of how to compete pleasantly in theirown lives.Check Your Vocabulary1.pervasive2.defective3.promote4.sabotaged5.narcissistic6.graceful7.toxic8.stellarREADING3Check Your Comprehension Bpetition can be fun, but we may be overenthusiastic and unreasonableabout it.2.Candidates who sit in a test performance in order to join certain bandscan get undeniably violent and aggressive.3.Feel free to find a gift of yours, develop it, and embarrass those whodare to challenge you.4.If competition isn’t fun and people find themselves feeling extremelyworried about an event they are competing in, then why not stop going through it?Check Your Vocabulary1.disrespectful2.outdo3.audition4.responsibility5.scared5.dread 7.gripes 8.vicious 9.depress 10.ironicREADING4Check Your Vocabulary A1. take on2.subject someone to3.at full speed4.at all costs5.pit—against6. in charge7.step in8.disservice9.distortedCheck Your Vocabulary B1.downplay2.realms3.ostracism4.paralysis5.impose6.ethic7.temperament8.steerUnit6 Me and Another Me (Human Cloning)READING1Check Your Vocabulary A1.News about cloning breakthroughs is usually reported disapprovingly,yet on the arrival of CC last week. These disapproving voices could hardly be heard-------they were covered up by a chorus of gentle and loving reports from the press crops, who were charmed by CO’s cuteness.2.So far in the clone debate the emotional aspect has been largelyoverlooked, yet the arrival of CC brings it into force.3.With the arrival of CC last week, the cloning debate, which began in1997 when Dolly was cloned, became heated and important again.4.The Texas lab’s success rate is as low as 1 out of 87, but it is notsurprising or uncommon in cloning work. Generally, one successful clone means dozens of dead embryos in the lab.5.It is hard to say how much of an animal’s personality is geneticallywritten and how much is decided by environment, so temperament of a clone pet is also a matter of chance.6.They regarded CC as a test of how much people can tolerate human cloningethically, and they worry because this trial experiment has been received so well.Check Your Vocabulary B1.subtext2.surrogate3.hostility4.well-heeled5.duplicate6.felines7.toss-up8.split9.fused 10.confoundedREADING2Check Your Comprehension B1.Academics and the public felt disturbed at last week’s news of thefirst cloned sheep, since it seems possible that human beings might be the next species to be cloned.2.Human dignity would indeed be violated if a cloned individual wasjudged to be inferior, and entitled to less rights or importance than other humans.3.The fact that infertile couples have other choices does not give theright to prevent them from trying cloning.4.Democratic societies generally only ban things when there isconvincing evidence of harm that they may bring.5.If cloned humans are not safe in our world, the rest of us are not safeeither.Check Your Vocabulary1.grow out ofe up with3.prompt/turn out4.stock5.take advantage of6.make a chanceyers ofREADING3Check Your Vocabulary B1.skeptical2.cracked3.plundered4.hurdle5.ominously6.breached7.flinched 8.apprehension 9.draconian 10.loomedREADING4Check Your Vocabulary1.vindicated2.spawned3.defective4.suttle5.misconception6.justified7.superficial8.term9.crucial。