不定代词用法总结-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII不定代词用法总结1) some, any, no的用法a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。
some表示“几个;一些;部分”,多用于肯定句;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”,对用于否定句或疑问句中。
如:* He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。
) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。
) * Are there any stamps in this post office(这个邮局里有邮票吗?)* I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了,所以出去买了一些。
)b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。
但有时也有例外。
这要根据句子意思来看。
* I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。
)(some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”。
如果说成:I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了,它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。
”)* Will you get me some apples on your way back (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗?)(some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”)* Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。
) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”)* “What would you like to drink”“Any will do.” (“你想喝什么?”“哪种都行。
”) (any在这里表示“任何”)c. no在句子中作定语,表示否定,意思是“没有;不是”,它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。
* There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。
)* I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some (我现在没有钱。
你能借我一些吗?)2) 复合不定代词的用法a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。
它们是:someone anyone no onesomebody anybody nobodysomething anything nothing这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。
b. 因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some, any, no与-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。
c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,但有时可以用they或them指代。
* There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking (你办公室里有人。
你听见他们说话了吗?)d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。
如:* There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it.* He looked at me and didn’t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life.e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。
如:* Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody)3) one和none的用法不定代词one指代可数名词的单数,即指人,也指物。
它的复数形式是ones。
在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
* He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them(one指物)* I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago(ones指人)4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, botha. every只有形容词的性质,在句中作定语。
常用于修饰单数的可数名词。
表示“每个;各个”,还可以表示“一切”。
* After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone.every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词,即:everyone, everything, everybody。
其中,everyone和everybody用于指人,意思一样,都是“每人;大家”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。
everything用于指物,意思是“每件事;一切”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。
如:* One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me.* The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else.注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。
everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组,前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。
请注意下列例句:* Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)b. each 的意思是“每个;各自的”,可以指人,也可以指物。
如:* I leave home at 7 a.m. each day. * Each of them has received a letter.由于each 和every 的意思相近,都表示“每一个”,因此要特别注意它们的区别。
each 所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个,而every 所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个;every 着重强调整体的含义而each 着重强调个别;every 只能作形容词放于名词前而each 可以作形容词、代词和副词。
如:*You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street. (因为街道只有两边因此不能用every)*Each has too coats. (each 是代词不能换用every)c. other 可以指人也可以指物,表示“另外的人或事物”,其后可以接单数或复数的名词;此外,other 也有复数形式,是others 。
如:* He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.*Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate.*We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first.d. another 的意思是“另一个;再一个;又一个”,通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词,泛指“不定数目中的另一个”。
* Would you like to try another kind of drink * I don't like this hat; please show me another.注意:other 和another 都有“另外的”意思,要注意它们的区别。
首先一般来说,两者中的“另一个”是the other ,不定数目中的“另一个”是another 。
如:* She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other. (这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other)* This cup is broken. Get me another, please.其次,other 的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another 的后面只能接单数名词。
如:* He has other brothers. * I am not very well today. Tell them I will go and see them another day.第三,other 有复数形式,泛指别人时通常不加冠词;而表示其他的人时常要加定冠词;而another 没有复数形式。
* Some went to the People’s Park, others visited the zoo. * Could you tell the others that I’ll be late5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量,但它们的用法也应当注意。
a. many 和much 这两个词都表示“许多;大量”,它们的比较级和最高级是more 和most 。
它们的不同在于:many 只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数,much 一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。
如:* “Do you any books on English grammar” “Yes, but not many.” (这里的many 指代上文的books)* Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. (time 是不可数名词,因此用much)b. (a) few 和 (a) little a few 和a little 是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组,它们具有名词和形容词的性质,它们的意思是“少数;少量”,都表示肯定的意思。