中考知识点整理e.g. you ---- your ---- yourself (yourselves) (反身代词)主格作主语，宾格作宾语their (形容词性物主代词)+ n. = theirs (名词性物主代词)*冠词+ n.不定冠词：a/ an (用于元音前)定冠词：the*名词（作主语）可数名词：单数/复数（+s, +es …）不可数名词：water, bread, fish …*名词变复数以–sh, -ch, -s, -x 结尾的词，变复数+ es以–o结尾的词，变复数+es: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes ( 黑人，土豆，西红柿)，其余以–o结尾的词+s以–f, -fe 结尾的词，f 或fe 改v + es: wife ---- wives 不规则名词变化：child ---- children woman ---- womenman ---- men tooth ---- teeth当性别+职业时，两个名词同时都变复数：wom e n teacher s, m e n doctor s*名词所有格-’s/ -s’a te acher’s teachers’ children’s*“—”连字符的作用相当于名词所有格three-week = three week s’*动词（作谓语）be动词：am/is/are, was/were实义动词：like, run, …助动词：do/ does/ did, have/ has + done情态动词：can/ could, will/ would, need, dare, must, should, have/ has to, may*情态动词can 表能力---- can’t/ cannot/ can notmay 表可能should 表应该：shouldn’t be allowed 不应该被允许must 表必须---- mustn’t 表禁止need 表必要---- needn’t 表没必要= don’t have to(为对Must … ? 问句的否定回答)e.g. -- Must I…? -- No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to. dare 表敢于will 表意愿---- will not = won’t所有情态动词后面所跟的动词都用原形do的形式*使役动词(使/让某人做某事)Let sb. do sth.make sb. do sth./ be made to do sthget sb. to do sth.*不定代词some + thing/ body/ one, any + thing/ body/ one不定代词+ to do不定代词+ adj. (形容词后置)：something different*基数词和序数词基数词：one, two, three, four, five …序数词：first, second, third, fourth, fifth/twelfth (以-ve结尾，去-ve改-f加-th), eighth, ninth, twentieth(整十的数，去-y改-ie加-th)*分数表达法1/4：one fourth; 2/3：two third s*数量表达法数字+ ten/ hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion +名词复数ten s/ hundred s/ thousand s/ million s/ billion s + of +名词复数*祈使句以Don’t开头的都为祈使句*反义疑问句肯(be/情态动词/实义动词)，否(be/情态动词/助动词)？否(be/情态动词/实义动词，肯(be/情态动词/助动词)？精品文档祈使句的反义疑问句，后面用will you?*以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人以-ing结尾的形容词修饰物*感叹句What + adj. + 不可数名词How + adj. + (the + 不可数名词+谓语动词)e.g. What delicious food we had at your birthday party!= How delicious the food was!*比较级与最高级：good ---- better ---- best a.well ---- better ---- best ad.bad ----worse ---- worst a.much/ many ---- more ---- mostlittle ---- less ---- leastbusy ---- busier --- busiest 忙*比较级(用于比较两者事物)than用于比较级a lot/ much/ a little/ even/ far +比较级：far less远远少于e.g. Of the two coats, she’d like to choose the cheaper oneto save money for a book.*最高级(用于比较三者或三者以上事物)one of + 最高级+可数名词复数*最高级、序数词+ to do, 如：the best to do, the first to do *就近原则there be 句型not only … but (also) … (不但…而且…)*就前原则with/ together with/ as well ase.g. I with you am (be)You with I are (be)* many + 可数名词复数much + 不可数名词* a few + 可数名词复数(表肯定意思) / few + 可数名词复数(表否定意思)a little + 不可数名词(表肯定意思)/ little + 不可数名词(表否定意思)* 双宾语结构give sth to sb = give sb sthlend sth to sb = lend sb sth 借出去borrow sth from sb = borrow sb sth 借进来teach sb sth* 动词不定式to doorder sb (not) to do sth 命令某人做某事ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做某事tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人做某事encourage sb (not) to do sth 鼓励某人做某事try (not) to do 尽力做某事hope to do 希望做某事expect sb to do 希望某人做某事want to do sth 想要做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事feeling like doing sth 想要做某事，喜欢做某事be made to do sth 被迫做某事* 时间介词：on/in/aton + 具体某一天/星期in + 年/月/季节at + 点钟*时间表示法past 超过（6字之前）to 差（6字之后）e.g. a quarter to nine 8:45a quarter past nine 9:15half past nine 9:30nine twenty-seven 9:27 = twenty-seven past nine 9:27* that指代不可数名词e.g. The weather in Fuzhou is warmer than that in Beijing. (这里的that指代前面的weather, weather为不可数名词) * each of them = every of them 每一个*也：also (用于肯定句句中)too (用于肯定句句末)either (用于否定句句末)*也是：so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语确实是：so +主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词*提建议：How/What about + doing? …怎么样Why not do? = Why don’t you? 你为什么不…? * see/ hear sb. doing sth. (正在进行时)see/ hear sb. do sth. (句中常出现often, usually, always…) * in + 颜色e.g. The girl __A___ pink is my young sister, Susan.A. inB. wearsC. is wearing*Could/ Would you …? (委婉语气中，some不用改成any) * Look!/ Listen! (用进行时态)* too (太) + adj.: too big*What’s the matter (with you)? = What’s wrong? (怎么了) *It’s time to do sth =It’s time for + n.*I’m afraid … (我恐怕…)I’m afraid so. 我恐怕会这样。
* - How soon …? –In…- How far …? –距离* Thank you for doing sthThank you for sth精品文档* A be proud of B A为B感到自豪B be the pride of A B是A的骄傲* die of 死于内因die from 死于外因* by的用法by bus 乘坐…by 在…旁边，到…为止：by the window 在窗户边上by + doing 通过…方式* every 每一(三个或以上)each 每一(两个，三个或以上)both 两个都all 全部(三个或以上)none 没有(三个或以上)either 二者择一：either … or …neither 两者都不：neither … nor …* Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
* enough + 名词形容词+ enough* the + adj. 表示一类人the rich 有钱人the poor 穷人* provide sb with sth 提供某物给某人provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物* so + adj. + that …如此以至于such + adj. + that …如此以至于too … to …太…而不能…* nine more = another nine 又九天，再九天other adj. 其他的others n. 其他人或物* It is + adj. + (for sb) to do sthIt is kind/ clever/ nice of sb to do sth* allow doing 允许做某事allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事* alone 单独的；lonely 孤独的stay/ live alone; feel/ be lonely* at … age (在…年龄) at … speed of (以…速度)* be used by + 人(被某人使用)be used for + doing (被用来做…)be used in (被使用在…方面)*四个花费主语↓pay 人paid—paid: pay 钱for sthspend 人spent—spent: spend 时间/钱on sthspend 时间/钱(in) doingcost 物cost—costtake It/物took—took: It taks sb 时间/钱to do * happen to sb 某人发生了什么事* beside 在…旁边besides 除…之外还有（+）except 除…之外(—)* France 法国French 法语Frenchman/ Frenchmen 法国人* With pleasure. 很乐意（帮助前）It’s my pleasure. 不客气（帮助后）* what… do with = how … deal with 如何处理what to do = how to do it 怎么办*a number of = a lot of = many (大量)+谓语动词复数the number of（…的数量）+ 谓语动词单数* both … and …两者都either … or …二者择一netither … nor. …两者都不not A but B 不是A而是B* The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越…越…）The more, the better.* if 条件句If (如果，为从句) …, 主句（主将从现）* when 当…时while ①当…时(必须用现在进行时)②表对比③表转折，虽然*宾语从句1. 引导词(一个句子中只能有一个引导词，不能叠加) that 无意义，用于肯定句，通常可省略if/ whether 是否，用于一般疑问句wh- 特殊疑问词，用于特殊疑问句一般疑问句：Do/ Does/ Did/ Are/ Is/ Am/ Will/ Have/ Has/ 情态动词/ …(一般疑问句用Yes/ No 来回答)特殊疑问句：Wh- …? What/ Who/ When/ Where/ Which/ Why/ How/ How many/ How much/ …2. 语序：陈述语序，即引导词+主语+谓语精品文档在一般疑问句中，遇does，则去does + s遇did，则去did + ed遇do，则不变3. 时态主句+ 引导词+ 从句↓↓一般现在时任何时态一般过去时相应过去时客观真理永远用一般现在时在I believe/ I think 句中，否定要前移，且反义疑问句看从句，若为否定句，则与从句保持一致。