考研数学二考试真题及答案1.(C )3tan ~3x x x --2.(B )'sin cos 2sin ,"sin ,y x x x x y x x =+-=-令"0y =得0,,x x π==又因为"'sin cos ,y x x x =--将上述两点代入得"'()0,y π≠所以(,2)π-是拐点.3.(A )0e d (2)1x x x P +∞-==⎰发散(A )或000d e e |e d x x x x x x +∞+∞--+∞-⎡⎤-=--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰[]00e d e |011x x x +∞--+∞==-=--=⎰4.(D )解:由条件知特征根为121λλ==-,特征方程为212()()210λλλλλλ--=++=,故a =2,b =1,而y *=e x为特解,代入得C=4,选(D )5.因为1-2131I I I I \<<因为12sin-2sin=因为2244x y pp+<\cos \1sin \-32I I \<321I I I \<<选A6.解,必要性()()f x g x ,相切于a 则()''()()()a a f a g a f g == ''""322''"""""2.()()[1']()()()()()()()()lim 2()()2()22lim lim x a x a x a y P y a g a y f x g x f x g x f x g x f a g a f a x a x e →→→==±+⎧----====⎨--⎩ 充分性2''()()()()()()()()()2()()()()()lim()()22limlimx ax x x ax a f x g x O f a g a x a f g f a g a x a f x g x f a g a f a g a →→→-=∴=--''=∴=-''''''''--''''∴= = f(x)与g(x)相切于点a.且曲率相等.选择(B )7.因为0Ax =的基础解系中只有2个向量()24()n r A r A \-==-()0r A *\=\选A8.选(C )解:由22A A E +=得22λλ=+,λ为A 的特征值,2=-l 或1,又1234A λλλ=,故1231λ=λ=-2λ=,,规范形为222123y y y --,选(C )9.()()2(21)212(21)210222ln 2lim22ln 221lim 2lim 121lim ee e 4e x x xx x x x x xxxx x xxxx x ®+-+-×+-+++=++-====10.当32t p =时,3333sin 11cos 12222x y p p p p =-=+=-=,即为点31,12p ÷ç+÷ç÷ç23d d d 1d 1sin 1d d d 1cos d 1t y y t y k x t x tx =-==×===--33111 1.22322y x y x y x p p p ÷ç-=---Þ-=-++÷ç÷çÞ=-++在y 轴上的截矩为322p +11.2322222;zy y zy y y f f f y f f f x x x y x xç÷ç=-=-=+=+÷çç÷çç32233222222z z y y x y x f y f fx y x x y y f yf f x x y yf x +=-×+×+=-++ç=çç12.解析:ln cos ,06y x x π=≤≤66031sec d ln |sec tan |ln ln ln 332l xx x x x x ππ==⎛==+==⎭⎰13.解析:()21101212012212120101201222100sin ()d (d )d 1sin d d 21sin sin d |d 21sin d 21111sin d (cos )|1)2244xx x t f x x x t x tt t xt t x x t x x t x x x xx x x =⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫=-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭=-=-⋅=--=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰14.解析:111211001100111111211101111210104322101210343434034A A -----------===-=----=15.解:当0x >时22ln 2ln ()e ()e (2ln 2)x x x x x f x x f x x ¢===+当0x <时()e e x xf x x ¢=+当0x =时0000()(0)e 11lim ()lim lim lim e 10x x x x x x f x f x f x x x-----+-====-2000()(0)11lim ()lim lim 0x x x x f x f x f x x x ----+-==-不存在\有()f x 在0x =点不可导.于是2ln e (2ln 2)0(),0e +e ,0x x x x x x f x x x x ,不存在ìï+>ïïï¢==íïïï<ïî令()0f x ¢=得121,1,ex x ==-于是有下列表x (,1)-¥--1(-1,0)010,e ÷ç÷ç÷ç1e1,e÷ç+¥÷ç÷ç()f x ¢-0+不存在-0+()f x ¯极小值极大值¯极小值于是有()f x 的极小值为2e 11(1)1,e ee f f -÷ç-=-=÷ç÷ç,极大值为(0)1f =16.解析:令22222222236(1)(1)1(1)1(1)(1)(1)()()=(1)(1)x A B Cx D x x x x x x x A x x x B x x Cx D x x x x -1++=++-++--++-+++++++-++则22236(1)(1)(1)()(1)x A x x x B x x Cx D x +=-+++++++-令1x =得93,3B B ==令0x =得6A B D=-++令1x =-得324()A B D C =-++-令2x =得12772A B C D =+++解得2,3,2,1A B C D =-===故原式2211212d 3d d 1(1)1x x x xx x x x +=-++--++232ln 1ln(1)1x x x C x =---++++-17.解析:(1)22x y xy ¢-=)2222222d()d22222e e de e deexxsx x S x xx xxxy x Cx Cx CC--÷ç÷ç=×+÷ç÷÷ç÷ç÷ç=×+÷ç÷÷ç÷ç=+÷ç÷ç=òòò通解由(f C=+0C=所以22(exf x(2)()22222221221222411e de de d e=e-e222xxxx xV xx xxppp p p÷÷=÷÷÷=×==òòò18.(本题满分10分)已知平面区域2234{(,)|||,()}D x y x y x y y=≤+≤,计算二重积分dDx x.【解析】2234()x y y+=的极坐标方程为2sinrθ=,由对称性:12sin52244222424243524sin2d d2[sin d]d sin d(1cos)d cos(12cos cos)d cos21[cos cos cos]|3521238532D DD Dr r rrr rππθππππππππσσθσθθθθθθθθθθθθθ======--=--+=--+=-⋅+⋅=⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰19.设n为正整数,记n S为曲线e sinxy x-=与x轴所围图形的面积,求n S,并求lim nnS→∞.解:设在区间[,(1)](0,1,2,,1)k k k n ππ+=-…上所围的面积记为u k ,则(1)(1)e |sin |d (1)e sin d k xk xx kx k k ku x x x x ππ++--==-⎰⎰;记=esin d xI x x -⎰,则e d cos (e cos cos d e )e cos e d sin e cos (e sin sin d e )e (cos sin )x x x x x x x x x I x x x x x x x x x x I---------=-=--=--=---=-+-⎰⎰⎰⎰所以1e (cos sin )2xI x x C -=-++;因此(1)(1)11(1)e (cos sin )|(e e )22kk k k k k k u x x ππππ-+-+-⎛⎫=--+=+ ⎪⎝⎭;(这里需要注意cos (1)k k π=-)因此(1)101(1)11e e e ;221e 1111lim lim212121n n n k n k k k n n n n S u e e e S e e e ππππππππππ--+---==--+---→∞→∞-==+=+--=+=+=+---∑∑20.(本题满分11分)已知函数u (x ,y )满足22222230u u ux y y∂∂∂-+=∂∂∂,求a ,b 的值,使得在变换u (x ,y )=v (x ,y )e ax+by 之下,上述等式可化为函数v (x ,y )的不含一阶偏导数的等式.[解析]e (,)e ax byax by u v v x y a x x++∂∂=+∂∂e (,)e ax byax by u v v x y a y y++∂∂=+∂∂222222222222e e (,)e e 2e (,)e e 2e (,)e ax by ax by ax by ax by ax by ax by ax by ax by ax by ax byu v v v a a v x y a x x x x v v a v x y a x x u v v b v x y b y y y++++++++++∂∂∂∂⎡⎤=+++⎢⎥∂∂∂∂⎣⎦∂∂=++∂∂∂∂∂=++∂∂∂代入已知条件22222230u u u x y y∂∂∂-+=∂∂∂得22222224(34)(223)(,)0v v v va b a b b v x y x y x y ⎛⎫∂∂∂∂-++-+-+= ⎪∂∂∂∂⎝⎭根据已知条件,上式不含一阶偏导,故a =0,3-4b =0即30,4a b ==21.已知函数()f x 在[0,1]上具有二阶导数,且1(0)0,(1)1,()d 1f f f x x ===⎰,证明:(1)存在(0,1)ξ∈,使得()0f ξ'=;(2)存在(0,1)η∈,使得()2f η''<-.证:(1)设()f x 在ξ处取得最大值,则由条件1(0)0,(1)1,()d 1f f f x x ===⎰可知()1f ξ>,于是01ξ<<,由费马引理得()0f ξ'=.(2)若不存在(0,1)h Î,使()2f h <-,则对任何(0,1)x Î,有()2f x ³-,由拉格朗日中值定理得,()()()()f x f f c x x x -=-,C 介于x 与x 之间,不妨设x<ξ,()2()f x x x ¢£--,积分得200()d 2\()d 1f x x x x xx x x ¢£--=<,于是()(0)1f f x -<,即()1f x <,这与()1f x >相矛盾,故存在(0,1),h Î使()2f h <-.22.解:123123(,,,,,)αααβββ22221111011021234433131111010112201111a a aa a a aa ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪++-+⎝⎭⎛⎫ ⎪→- ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭①若a =1,则123123123123(,,)(,,)(,,,,,)r r r αααβββαααβββ==此时向量组(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)等价,令123123(,,),(,,)A B αααβββ==,则102123(,)011022000000A B ⎛⎫ ⎪→--- ⎪⎪⎝⎭此时112123122232βαβααβαα=⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=-⎩②若a =-1,则()2(,)3r A r A B =≠=,向量组(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)不等价.③若1,1a ≠-,则121100111123(,)01011111001111a a a a a A B a a a a -+⎛⎫⎪++ ⎪+ ⎪→-- ⎪++ ⎪⎪- ⎪++⎝⎭此时11232123312311111121231111a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a βββ-⎧=++⎪+++⎪++⎪=--⎨+++⎪=-+⎪⎪⎩23.2212102201000200A x B y --⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦与相似(1)1231~413()()242210(2)010(1)(2)(2)00021,2,21211211201242000001210001001000022A Bx y x tr A tr B y x y E B x x A E A E λλλλλλλλλξλ∴-=+=⎧∴=⇒⇒⎨=-+=-⎩---=+=++-=-=-=-=---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=-→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦=-+=T时, =(-,,)时,()2311321410440125201050211240000000004212122102221200100112004000000211,122040A E P ξλξξξξ-⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-→-→-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-→→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦TT =(-,,)时, =(-,,0), 111122P AP --⎡⎤⎢⎥=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦1223310310100000113000100041010022010010001000000010010322030001100004000B E x B E x B E x λλλ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-→=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦TT 时, (-,,)时, (,,)时, (,,121232212212121211221()22122()1211030122001040130111212004101100()3000006100011011000P x x x P BP B P P B P P A PP P PP P iE -----⎡⎤⎢⎥==-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-⎡⎤⎢⎥=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦=-=---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦---⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦--→T) 故=03310010001101100010001100100311000030100011001103⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥--⎢⎥→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦。