• 3. 正反转换 • 1）他光着脚进了屋子。 • He entered the room with no shoes on. • 2）那个房间的窗户总是关着。 • The windows of that room were never open.
• 3）学习外语离不开好的词典。 • A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. • 4）她忍住了没有笑出声。 • She refrained from laughing. • 5）我不能忍受你的脾气。 • Your temper is more than I can bear.
• 2. 语序调整 • 1）钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动， 有益于身心健康。 • Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health.
• 4. 词的省略 • 1）种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和 挤奶，锄草和栽花…… • Planting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding the garden and planting flowers…
• 5. 词的替代 • 1）狡猾的人轻视学问；愚昧的人羡慕学问； 聪明的人利用学问。 • Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them.
• 2）自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其 政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。 • From the Zhou and Qin Dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economy. • 3）得罪了你就得罪了你。 • If you were offended, so be it.
• 1.2 确定谓语 • 1）在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。 • We shouldn’t be too romantic about human relationships. • 2）当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学 习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。 • As long as they are alive, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.
2008-10-20
Contents
• • • • • • 一、词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代
• • • • • •
二、句子翻译 1. 确定主干 2. 语序调整 3. 正反转换 4. 语态对译 5. 长句的翻译
一、词的翻译
• 1. 词义选择 • 1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。 • Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents. • 横行霸道: 为所欲为，想干什么就干什么 • Get everything my own way • Get all things my own way • Be bully
• 2）信不信是你自己的事。 • It is your concern whether you believe me or not. • 3）最好是等他们回来。 • It may be advisable to wait till they come back. • 4）勤能补拙。 • It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
二、句子翻译
• • • • • • • 1. 确定主干 汉语句子的主干：主语－－谓语 1.1 确定主语 1）这个地区雨水较多。 A: It rains a lot in this area. B: This area sees much rain. C: There is much rain in this area.
• 4. 语态对译 • 1）考试后三日出榜。 • The list of successful examinees will be published three days after the exam.
• 3. 词的增补 • 1）有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好 环境便会给人好心情。 • A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. • 2）黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。 • The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen—not with the best of intentions.

• 2. 词类转换 • 1）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。 • You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. • 2）这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗 也就衍传了下来。 • Thus, every place, with its own legends and folktales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.
• 2）用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画 成立体。 • With points you can make a line; with line, planes; with planes, solids. • 3）于是转怒为喜，转赞美为责备挑剔，转 首肯为摇头。 • Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and headnodding to head-shaking.
• 3）一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的 悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。 • In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
• 2）钓鱼可分为三个阶段。 • There are three states for fishing. • “三个阶段” 在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因 此不译为 three stages。 • 3）他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。 • He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger.
• 2）我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥 见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。 • Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.
• 3）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深 地依赖着。 • Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature. • 4）大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平 等。 • People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.