Chapter 1 The Frequently Used-vocabularyIn Well Control井控常用词汇1.abnormal pressure 异常压力(normalpressure,正常压力 higher-than-expected/normal pressure,lower-than-normal pressureabnormally high pressureabnormally low pressure2.accumulator储能器3.accumulator bottle储能器瓶4.acid fracture酸裂5.adjustable choke可调节流阀6.annular blowout preventer (BOP)环型防喷器(ram BOP) bag BOP7.annular pressure/casing pressure环空压力(套压)(drillpipe pressure立压) pitgain8.annular space环空(annulus)9.annular velocity环空上返速度10.anticline 背斜11.atmospheric pressure 大气压(0.1Mpa)(1at)12.background gas背景气13.back off 倒扣/卸扣 make up14.back-pressure 回压 check/单向阀non-return valve回压凡尔15.barite BaSO4重晶石16.barium sulfate BaSO417.barrel (bbl) gallon/加仑1m3=6.2897bbl18.bell nipple 钟型导向短节,(喇叭口)19.BHP (bottom hole pressure)20.bleed 放喷21.bleed line放喷管线22.blind ram 全封闸板pipe ram 半封闸板shear ram 剪切闸板23.blind ram preventer全封闸板防喷器24.blowout 井喷(kick 井涌)25.blowout preventer control panel防喷器控制面板 console26.blowout preventer control unit防喷器控制系统27.blowout sticking 井喷卡钻28.BOP stack防喷器组29.bottom hole pressure test井底压力测试/DST----drill stem test中途测试30.bottoms up 上返行程/lag time31.bottoms-up time上返时间lag time 迟到时间32.Boyle’s law 波依耳定律33.bridging materials桥堵材料34.bullheading 压回地层压井法35.cased hole 下入套管的井眼open hole section裸眼段36.casing套管 collar 钻铤37.casing burst pressure套管破裂压力38.casing point 套管下深39.casing pressure套压40.casing seat 套管座41.casing string 套管柱42.cement n.水泥43.cement plug水泥塞44.change ram 更换闸板45.charles’s law 查尔斯定律(V1/T1=V2/T2)46.check valve 单向阀47.choke 节流阀48.choke line节流管线49.choke manifold节流管汇/kill manifold50.circulate-and-weight method 循环加重法51.concurrent method /同步法52.circulating components循环系统53.circulating density循环密度 ECD54.circulating fluid=drillingfluid=mud/slurry55.circulating head 循环头56.circulating pressure循环压力57.circulation循环lost circulation 井漏58.clay hydration 粘土水化59.closed-in pressureshut-in pressure 关井压力60.concurrent method同步法61.condition v.处理,改善, 调整62.connate water 原生水63.connection gas 接单根气64.constant choke-pressure method 恒节流压力法65.constant pit-level method 恒泥浆池液面法pit gain 泥浆池增量66.crystallization 结晶地层67.degasser 除气器68.diverter 分流器69.diverter line分流器管线70.drag 旋转阻力71.driller’s BOP control panel 司钻控制台72.driller’s method 司钻法 wait-and-weightmethod 等待加重法/工程师法73.drilling break 钻速突快/放空74.drilling fluid=drilling mud 钻井液75.drilling rate 机械钻速ROP—rate of penetrationm/h drilling time—钻时 min/m76.drilling under pressure/under balancepressure drilling UBD欠平衡钻井drilling over pressure /过平衡near-balance pressure drilling/近平衡77.drill pipe float 钻杆浮阀78.drill pipe pressure 立压79.drill pipe pressure gauge立压表80.drill pipe safety valve钻杆安全阀Kelly cock81.drill stem 钻柱 drill string82.DST---drilling stem test /中途测试/unintentional kick/intentional kick83.drill under pressure v.84.ECD---equivalent circulating density 等效/当量循环密度85.entrained gas 气侵气gas-cut mud/气侵泥浆86.explosive fracture 爆破压裂87.fault 断层88.fill line 灌浆管线 fill-up line89.fill the hole v. 灌浆90.fill-up rate灌浆速度91.filter cake 滤饼92.filter loss 滤失量93.filter press 失水仪94.final circulating pressure /FCP终了循环压力/ICP---initial circulating pressure95.flow check 溢流检测96.formation breakdown pressure 地层破裂压力/leak-off test97.formation competency test 地层承压能力测试98.formation fluid地层流体99.formation fracture gradient地层破裂压力梯度100.formation pressure地层压力101.formation strength地层强度102.fracture 裂缝103.fracture pressure破裂压力104.friction loss压耗105.gas气体106.gas buster=mud-gas separator泥浆-气体分离器 Poor boy107.gas-cut mud气侵泥浆108.gas cutting气侵109.gas detection analyzer气体检测仪110.geopressured shales地压页岩111.geostatic pressure地静压力112.geothermal gradient地温梯度113.guide shoe引鞋114.gunk plug油泥塞115.hang off116.hard shut-in硬关井117.soft shut-in软关井118.head 静压头119.hole geometry/hole size井眼尺寸120.hydraulic control pod液控箱121.hydril海德尔/122.hydrogen sulfide H2S123.hydrostatic pressure静液压力124.IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors IWCF--forum 125.ICP 初始循环压力initial circulating pressureFCP 终了循环压力final circulating pressure123. inside blowout preventer钻具内防喷器inside BOPinternal BOP126.interstitial water 原生水=connate water 127.invert-emulsion mud逆乳化泥浆oil-base mud128.Kelly cock 旋塞upper kelly cock上旋塞lower kelly cock下旋塞126． kick 井涌/overflow127． kick fluids井涌流体129.kick tolerance井涌允许量130.kill v. 压井well-kill n.131.killing fluid压井液 MWI----mud weight increase = 102P d/H 132.kill line 压井管线133.kill rate 压井泵速134.kill-rate pressure压井泵压135.kill sheet压井施工单fill in 填写133． kill string 压井管柱leak-off test 漏失测试136.log 测井137.log a well v. 测井138.logging device测井仪139.loss of circulation 井漏140.lost circulation井漏141.lost circulation additives堵漏剂140 lost circulation materialsLCM堵漏材料141．lost circulation plug堵漏塞142．lost returns 井漏143．lubricate 润滑v.144. macaroni string145. matrix acidizing基岩酸化146．maximum allowable surface pressure MASP/MAASP=P f - P m最大允许关井套压 MACP 147．measured depth MD测深层TVD =true vertical depth垂深I．D 内径O．D外径148．Minerals Management Service 149. mud additive泥浆添加剂150．mud analysis logging泥浆录井151. mud column泥浆柱152. mud conditioning处理泥浆153. mud density recorder泥浆密度记录仪154. mud-flow indicator泥浆流速指示器 mud-flow sensor155. mud-gas separator泥浆气体分离器156. mud gradient 泥浆压力梯度G m=0.00981ρm157. mud-level recorder泥浆液面记录仪158. mud log 泥浆日志159. mud logger 泥浆测量员160. mud pit 泥浆池161. mud program 泥浆配方162. mud pump 泥浆泵163. mud return line /ditch泥浆槽164. mud system 泥浆体系165. mud tank 泥浆罐166. mud weight 泥浆比重167. nipple up 安装防喷器nipple down拆防喷器168. normal circulation 正常循环169. normal formation pressure正常地层压力 0.00981----- 0.010496 Mpa/m170. OCS --- Outer Continental Shelf 外大陆架171. OCS orders外大陆架法规172. oil-base mud 油基泥浆173. oil- emulsion mud油基乳化泥浆174. open裸眼井,空井 open hole175. overburden pressure上覆岩层压力176. permeability 渗透性 impermeability 177. pipe ram preventer半封闸板防喷器178. pit gain 泥浆池增量179.pit-level indicator/recorder泥浆液面指示器180. pit-volume recorder 泥浆体积记录仪181.Pit Volume Totalizer(PVT)泥浆体积累计器182. plug 塞子183. plug back 回填v.184. plugging material 填井材料cement185. positive choke节流negative differential pressure负压差186. pounds per cubic foot磅/英尺3187. pounds per gallon(ppg)磅/加仑 1g/cm3 = 8.33ppgfresh water /brine188. pounds per square inch gauge(psig) 磅/英寸2压力表189. pounds per square inch per foot psi/ft 磅/英寸2/英尺-----压力梯度单位190. pressure drop 压力降191. pressure gauge 压力表192. pressure gradient 压力梯度193. pressure-integrity test 压力完整性测试194. pressure loss压力损失195. preventer packer防喷器胶芯196. rate of penetration (ROP)机械钻速 m/hr 197. reduced circulating pressure(RCP)降低的循环压力 SCR—slow circulating rate 198. remote BOP control panel =drill’s BOP control panel防喷器遥控面板199. remote choke panel节流阀遥控面板200. returns 返出物201. reverse circulation 反循环202． reverse drilling break 钻速突慢203．rotating blowout preventer 旋转防喷器204．rotating head 旋转头205．safety valve 安全阀206．saturation point 饱和点207．set point =casing depth 套管下深208．setting depth 套管固深209．shale 页岩/泥页sand210．shallow gas 浅气层211．shear ram 剪切闸板212．shut in v.关井213．shut-in n. 关井214. shut-in bottomhole pressure(SIBHP) 215. shut-in casing pressure(SICP)关井套压SIDPP216. shut-in drill pipe pressure(SIDPP) 关井立压 occur a kick 发生井涌 a kick hasoccurred217. snub 不压井起下钻218. snubber不压井起下钻装置219. snubbing line不压井起下钻管线220. snubbing unit = snubber221. stack 防喷器组222. strip a well v. 强行起下钻223. stripper head 封井头224. stripper rubber 橡胶刮泥器225. stripping强行起下钻作业226. stripping in 强行下钻pull out of the hole 227. stripping out 强行起钻228. strip pipe强行起钻229. stump pressure test 抗冲击压力测试230. subsea BOP 海底防喷器231. subsea choke-line valve 海底节流管线阀232. surface stack 地面防喷器组233. surging 激动压力234. swab v. 抽汲 swabbing波动压力---- swab-surge235. swabbed show抽汲显示236. swabbing 抽汲效应237. swabbing effect 抽汲效应238. temperature gradient 温度梯度239. total depth (TD)总深 MD = measured depth240. transition zone 过渡带241. trip gas 起下钻气242. trip margin 起钻安全余量243. trip tank 灌浆罐244. true vertical pressure (TVD)垂深245. tubingless completion 无油管完井workover/修井 service rig246. underground blowout 地下井喷247. upper kelly cock 上旋塞248. wait-and-weight method 等待加重法(工程师法)249. water-base mud 水基泥浆250. water hammer 水击251. wellbore =well=hole 井眼252. wellbore pressure 井眼压力253. well control 井控254. well kick 井涌255. wetability 润湿性256. wild well 失控井/自喷井257. out of control well失控井Chapter 2 The Basic Concepts of Well Control井控的基本概念blowout1. 井喷的危害/The harms of1.1井喷失控的危害性/ The harms of out ofcontrol for blowoutThink of danger in time of peace居安思危1.2 国内几起典型的井喷事故/The typicalblow out incident in our country2.井喷失控的原因/The causes of out of control for blowout3.对井控工作的正确认识/The correct view to well control4.做好井控工作的对策/The policy toimplement well control operation5.井控及其相关的概念/well control and relevant concepts5.1井控/well control /kick control/pressurecontrol-----井控是对油气井压力控制的简称/well control is control abbreviation tooil/gas well pressure.控制地层压力→实现近平衡压力钻井→保护油气层→提高采收率→延长油井使用寿命。