中考人教版初中英语语法---一般现在时和一般过去时教学案及练习同学英语学科核心素养培养与个性发展研究年级日期时间管理师辅导教师课时课题一般现在时和一般过去时行为与习惯、学科素养养成查漏补缺兴趣激发一般现在时1.用法（1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或日常的习惯，常与 every day, often, always sometimes 等时间状语连用。
eg. She gets up at six every day.She is our teacher of English.We go there once a week.（2）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
eg. Tom studies very hard.She is always ready to help others.I major in English.（3）表示客观事实或普遍真理。
eg. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The water boils at 100℃ .Actions speaks louder than words.行动胜于言辞。
2. 构成⑴系动词 be 的一般现在时be (单数 -is, 复数 -are, I-am)构成： a.肯定句：主语 + be +其他b.否定句：主语 + be +not+其他(is not = isn’ t, are not = aren’ t , I am not =I’ m not )c.一般疑问句(一调二改三问号 )Be + 主语 + 其它部分？肯定回答： Yes，主语 +be否定回答：No，主语+be+not（注意：在回答时，主语要用相应的代词代替）⑵ 情态动词的一般现在时情态动词后的动词一定要用原形，没有人称和数的变化。
(can, must, should等)构成： a.肯定句：主语+ 情态动词+ 动词原形 +其他b 否定句：主语+ 情态动词+ not + 动词原形+ 其他c.一般疑问句：情态动词+ 主语 + 动词原形+ 其它部分？肯定回答： Yes, 主语 +情态动词否定回答： No, 主语 +情态动词 +not⑶实义（行为）动词的一般现在时(注意：主语是否第三人称单数)当主语为第三人称单数时，实义动词有变化如下：大多数动词在词尾直接加s如read→ reads, look→ looks, play→ plays以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，将y 变为 i ，再加 es 如 fly→ flies, study→ studies 以“ s, x, ch, sh结尾的”动词在词尾加es如： teach－teaches; watch－watches; fix－fixes以 o 结尾的动词，加 es如：go－goes, do－does构成： a.肯定句：主语+ 行为动词+ 其他b.否定句 (don ’t和 doesn’t之后动词一定要用原形 )主语第一、二人称或复数名词+助动词 do+not +行为动词原形+ 其他第三人称单数或单数名词+助动词 does+not +行为动词原形+ 其他c.一般疑问句（ (一加二改三问号 )加：助动词第一、二人称及复数名词用助动词do第三人称单数及单数名词用助动词does改改主语： I my mine we our ours ---you your yours改动词：动词改回原形加：问号肯定回答： Yes, 主语 +助动词 do/does否定回答： No, 主语 +助动词 don’t和 doesn’t二、一般过去时1.用法（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I visited my aunt last weekend.（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
He often played tennis with me last year.2.句式A.含 be 动词的过去时的句式（1）肯定句：主语 +was/were+其他。
They were at home last Sunday.（2）否定句式在 was 或 were 后加 not，可把 was not 和 were not 缩写成 wasn’t和weren’t。
I wasn ’ t on the Internet when my father came into the room.（3）一般疑问句是将was 或 were 移到句首。
—Were they at home last Sunday?— Yes ,they were ./No, they weren’ t.（4）特殊疑问句由“疑问词 +was/were+主语 +其他？”构成。
Where were you last Sunday?B.含实义动词的过去时的句式（1）肯定句：主语 +动词的过去式 +其他。
They gave the concert at the Workers’ Stadium last night.（2）否定句：主语 +did not（didn ’t）+动词原形 +其他。
They didn ’ t go shopping last week.（3）一般疑问句： Did +主语 +动词原形 +其他？肯定回答： Yes，主语 +did;否定回答： No，主语 + didn ’t.—Did he go to Guangzhou yesterday?— Yes, he did./No, he didn’t（4）特殊疑问句式：疑问词+did+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他？When did he get to school this morning?动词构成规则例词一般直接在词尾加 -ed。
worked规e 结尾的词，在词尾加 -d。
lived以不发音字母则y 结尾的词，先变y 为 i ，再加 -ed studied以辅音字母加动末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这stopped词个辅音字母，再加 -ed不规则动无一定规则buy-bought 词课堂总结情况反馈○非常满意○满意○一般○差学生签字：主管签字：日期：一般现在时用法专练 :一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ wash_______look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______plant_______fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.He often ________(have) dinner at home.2.She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.3.We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like) the World Cup?6.There ________(be) some water in the bottle.三、按照要求改写句子。
1.Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句 )________________________________________________________2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答 )________________________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)________________________________________________________4. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问 )________________________________________________________5.John comes from Canada对.(划线部分提问 )________________________________________________________一般过去时用法专练 :一、请用正确动词形式填空。
1.I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2.---_________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?---No, she _________.3.---What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?---He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.4.They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5.She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.二、改写句子1、 Lucy did her homework at home（.改否定句）Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.2、 He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱） .（变一般疑问句 )___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?3、 There was some orange in the cup（.变一般疑问句 )_______ there _______ orange in the cup?4. Frank read an interesting book about history.（一般疑问句）_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1．阅读理解As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my own room at night that scared me so much.There was never complete darkness, but always a street light or car lights, which made clothes on the back of a chair take on the shape of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains （窗帘） seem to move when there was no wind. A very low sound in the dark would seem a hundred times louder than in the day. My imagination （想象） would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would lie very still so that the "enemy（敌人） " would not discover me.Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morningI got on the school bus right near my home. That was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the street, I was afraid that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some other strange places. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight.Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a serious one.One of the processes（过程） of growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.（ 1） The author had kind(s) of fears when he was a child.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. none（2）would scare the author at night.A. Street lights and car lightsB. Wild animals and enemiesC. Moving curtains and windD. Strange sights and sounds（ 3） When the author went to some other places on school or family trips, he would.A. walk away without othersB. take a bus by himselfC. follow others closelyD. make sure not to take a wrong bus（ 4） The underlined word "overcome" means "" in Chinese.A. 接受B忍.受C信.服D克.服【答案】（1）C（2） D（3） C（4） D【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了作者小时候害怕的三件事，怕黑，怕走丢，怕不被别人喜欢或者不被别人接受。