英语期末复习要点一、重点专业词汇1睦邻运动 the settlement movement 2人际距离3结构式访谈structured interview 4济贫法The Elizabeth Poor Law5归属需要 6 文化惰性cultural inertia 7弱势群体 Vulnerable groups\disadvantaged groups8抽样偏差sampling bias9刻板效应effect of stereotype10人在情境中Person in situation 11教育不平等12 情绪失常emotional disorder 13社会政策Social Policy14 归属感15 攻击行为aggressive behavior16单亲家庭 a single-- parent family17潜意识冲突18情感交流affective interaction 19农民工Migrant workers20态度改变 attitude change21职业发展制度career development program22社会排斥social exclusion 23威信型父母authoritative parent24就业辅导career guidance 25社会融合social integration 26权力社会authoritative society 27情感教育affective education28功能主义functionalist perspective 29平均寿命30职业认同career identity 31镜中我 looking-glass self 32正强化刺激 positive reinforcing stimulus33情感纽带affectional tie 34机械团结mechanical solidarity35第一印象 primary impression36知觉防卫机制perceptual defense mechanism37积累经验 gather experience38个人特征 individual characteristics39情感性依附affectional attachment40能力发展 41质量保证42 反社会行为antisocial behavior 43青少年危机44相对剥夺理论 relative deprivation theory45趋近行为advent behavior 46样本观察sample observation 47 行为社会化behavior socialization 48行为塑behavior shaping49被抽样总体sampled population50身心问题Body-mind problem51 样本显著性水平sample significance level52随机抽样sampling at random53 犯罪人格criminal personality二、问答题1、Please list at least three activities or three organizations in the development of social work.答;1.慈善组织协会:the Charity Organization Society2.全美社会工作者协会：the National Association of Social Workers3.汤恩比馆:Toybee Hall2、Based on the knowledge you have learned from this course, give a definition to social work.答：：Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and to create social conditions favorable to their goals;3、Illustrate at least four roles that social workers may play in helping people.答：1.ENABLER;2.BROKER;3.ADVOCATE;4.ACTIVIST;ENABLER：In this role a worker helps individuals or groups to articulate their needs, to clarify and identify their problemsto explore resolution strategies, to select and apply a strategy, and to develop their capacities to deal with their own problems more effectively. This role model is perhaps the most frequently used approach in counseling individuals, groups, and families. The model is also used in community organization primarily when the objective is to help people to help themselves.BROKER：A broker links individuals and groups who need help with community services. For example, a wife who is frequently physically abused by her husband might be referred to a shelter home .Nowadays even moderate-sized communities have 200 or 300 social service agencies/organizations providing community services.Even human services professionals are often only partially aware of the total service network in their community.ADVOCATE：The role of an advocate has been borrowed from the law profession. It is an active directive role in which the social worker is an advocate for a client or for a citizen’s group.When a client or a citizen’s group is in need of help and existing institutions are uninterested in providing services, then the advocate’s role may be appropriate.ACTIVIST：An activist seeks basic institutional change;often the objective involves a shift in power and resources to a disadvantaged group. An activist is concerned about social injustice, inequity,and deprivation. Tactics involve conflict, confrontation, and negotiation. Social action is concerned with changing the social environment in order to better meet the recognized needs of individuals.4、What are three levels of social work practice?答：Social workers practice at three levels:☆micro-working on a one to one based with an individual；（一对一的方式）☆mezzo-working with families and other small groups；（为家庭和其他小群体）☆macro：['mækrəu] -working with communities or seeking changes in statutes and social policies；（与各类组织和社区打交道，或寻求改变章程，法律和社会政策）5、What are the contents of basic knowledge of social work ?答：theory, models, wisdom, and specialized knowledge.6、Describe the traditional focus of sociology.答：sociology is the study of human social behavior and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. It is a social science which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social actions, social structure and functions.7、Contrast absolute poverty with relative poverty.答：Absolute poverty；Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the state of severe deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care, education and information.Relative povertyRelative poverty refers to as being below some relative income threshold, where this threshold differs for each society or country. One may be relatively poor, without being in the state of absolute poverty; relative poverty is often considered as an indirect measure of income inequality.8、Which forms can Social welfare take?答：Welfare can take a variety of forms, such as monetary payments, subsidies and vouchers, or housing. Welfare can be provided by governments, non-governmental organizations, or a combination of the two. Welfare programs may be funded directly by governments, or in social insurance models, by the members of the Welfare scheme.9、Summarized the different culture between China and America.答：1Collectivism and Individualism2Independence and Teamwork3Table manners4The concept of friendship10、Talk about your outlook on social work.答：11、Give a definition to social worker.答A social worker is a person whose job is to do social work. Social workers are health professionals who use counseling to help people function in their environment, improve their relationships with others, and solve personal and family problems. They also help people locate and access appropriateresources for their particular needs.12、which several strategies does the process of social work include?答13、What are the goals of Social Work Practice?答Goal 1: Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People.（提高人们解决问题、应对环境和发展自己的能力）Goal 2: Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and opportunities.（把人和为人们提供资源、服务和机会的系统联系起来）Goal 3: Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services；（促进系统高效、人道地为人们提供服务）Goal 4: Develop and Improve Social Policy（制定和修订社会政策）（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。