句子成分和基本句型的讲解
C. do D. his
• 2. What I want to tell you is this.
• A. want B. to tell
C. you D. is
• 3. We had better send for a doctor.
• A. We B. had
C. send D. doctor
• 4. He is interested in music.
英语语法
句子成分 和
基本句型
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什么是句子?
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第
一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.? !
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the g
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词)
2.We often speak English in class(. 代词)
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词)
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句子包括哪些成分?
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、 谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成 分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、 表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语 (attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语 (complement)。
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谓语
• 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:
You may keep the book for two weeks. (2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构
成。如: Do you speak English?
They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold. (3)由系动词加表语构成。如:
We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
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• 1. Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
• A. Tom B. didn't homework
• A. is B. interested C. in D. music
• 5. Whom did you give my book to?
• A. give B. did
C. whom D. book
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表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型 及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
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1.主语(Subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体,常位于句首。
2. 但在there be结构、疑问句(主语不是 疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构 表示。
2.Is it yours? (代词)
3.The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
4.The speech is exciting. (分词)
5.Three times seven is twenty one? (数词)
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6.His job is to teach English. (不定式)
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谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或 具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
• 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如:
He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
(不定式)
5.Smoking does harm to the health(. 动名词)
6.The rich should help the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
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7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)
它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语 及表语从句表示。例如:
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1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
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• 句子成分练习题( 一 ) • (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分, 4分
钟)
• ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
• ② There is an old man coming here. • ③ The useful dictionary was given by my
mother last year. • ④ To do today's homework without the
teacher's help is very difficult.