《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有习题【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。

一、单选题1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________A. FranceB. DenmarkC. IrelandD. Germany2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?A. Christopher MarloweB. T. S. EliotC. Ben JohnsonD. Thomas Becket4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse.A. HenryB. HamiltonC. RichardD. Charles5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________.A. Jethro TullB. Thomas CokeC. George IIID. Robert Bakewell6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal?A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland)B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial dutiesC. senior bishops of the Church of EnglandD. all other life peers7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________.A. the War of the CeltsB. Norman ConquestC. the War of the RosesD. Battle of Hastings8. Appeals in criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be heard by _________.A. the Magistrates' CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court9. Established Churches in Britain are___________.A. Church of England and Churches in WalesB. Church in Wales Church of ScotlandC. The Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland10.Apart from a break during the Second World War, the BBC has been providing regular television broadcasts since ___________.A. 1935B. 1936C. 1937D. 193811. The largest river in Ireland is ____________.A. the Shannon RiverB. Liffey RiverC. Macgillicuddy's ReekD. Carrantuohill12.The following farming activities are engaged by farmers in the valleys of Nova Scotia except __________.A. dairyingB. raising animalsC. apple growingD. potato growing13. The Pacific northwest is favored with a _______ climate like that of Britain.A. MediterraneanB. maritimeC. continentalD. subtropical14. The first blacks were brought to North America as ________ in 1619.A. adventurersB. slavesC. servantsD. explorers15. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the ___ Continental Congress on July 4, ___.A First / 1774 B. First / 1776 C. Second / 1774 D. Second / 177616. The Great Depression was induced by all the following causes but ________.A. stock market speculationB. credit over - expansionC. government involvementD. lack of control over the banking system17. The Norman Conquest of _______ is perhaps the best - known event in English history.A. 1063B. 1064C. 1065D. 106618. ______ ranks the first in the production of apples in the US.A. WashingtonB. KansasC. MichiganD. Wisconsin19. The heads of the various executive departments form a council of advisers generally known as the President's __________.A. Advisory GroupB. Executive OfficeC. Special CommissionD. Cabinet20. The master's degree can normally be earned in ______ year by students holding a bachelor'sdegree in the field of study.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four21. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four22. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.23. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright24. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry25. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House26. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council27. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 193628. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln29. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.A. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans30. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.131.After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _________.A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War32.The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh33.Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense34. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's35. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor36. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany37. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th38. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths39. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%D. 18%40. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's41. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196042. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth43. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage44.Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC45. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister46. A General Election is held every __ years and there are ___ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65147. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords48. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons49. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes50.In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury51. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court52.London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary53.The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights54. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit55. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments56. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools57. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University in U.k..A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5058. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all59. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest60. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio61. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado62. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology63.The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States64.The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry65. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal66. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192467. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/ Netherlands68.Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of t he miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves69.According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five70. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines71. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington72. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention73. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown74.Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers75.President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio76. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass77. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan78. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural79. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia80. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy81. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth82. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames83. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District84. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland85. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan86. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons87. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion88. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I89. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106090. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet91. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort92.The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and was ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest93. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor94. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1595. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution96.In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth97.In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation98. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland99. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII100. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 1979二、名词解释题101. the Church of England102. the Labor Party103.the Hundred Years’ War104. public school105. William the Conqueror106. Whigs and Tories107. the Great Charter108. Oliver Cromwell109. Puritans110. Roman Invasion111. separation of powers112. the Second Continental Congress113. New England114. the Confederate States of America115. WASPs116. comprehensive high school117.the “Second American War of Independence”118. Louisiana Purchase119. the National Security Council120. the Mississippi River三、填空题2121. Britain is separated from the European continent by_____, North Sea and_____.122. The chief ranges in England are the _____, and the ______.123. Some of the large fishing ports in Britain are____, Grimsby and ____.124. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain and consists of the House of ___, and the House of ____.125. The early settlers on the British Isles were the ___ and ____.126. In 1381, the peasants in ___ rebelled. They were determined to abolish___.127. The American Industrial Revolution began in the year of ___ with its ___ industry. 128. American education is mainly classified into _____, ____ and higher.129. The Enlightenment in America provided the colonists with a ___ and ___ weapon against the British rule.130.President Nixon visited China in Feb, 19 ____. In the year of ___ the US established diplomatic relations with China.131. The present sovereign of Britain is ______, and Prince ____ is the heir to the throne. 132. The Cabinet is composed of the most ____ ministers who meet regularly under the ___ of the Prime Minister.133. From the middle of the 5th century three Teutonic groups, Anglos, Saxons and ____ began to migrate from the region of ____.134.The 15th and 16th centuries were marked by the ___ of feudalism and the ___ of capitalism in English history.135. The British Empire began with the founding of ___ in 1583, and fell after the ___ World War.136. The Constitution of the United States follows two principles: the __system and the __ of powers.137. In legislation the President of U.S. has a ___ power over bills passed by ___.138.By the mid-19th century, the territory of the US had reached over ___ million square kilometers, about ___ times the size of the total area of the original thirteen states.139. The Conservative Party developed out of the ___ Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the ____.140. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.141.The Central Lowlands of Scotland include the valleys of the _____, _____ and Forth rivers.142. The British did not adopt rational reforms such as____ system until 1975, and the ____ system until 1971.143.The Hundred Year’s War was a war against ___ for the French crown and for the industrial city of ___.144. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.145. The English Bourgeois Revolution exerted great influence on___ and the ____ revolutions in the 18th century.146. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.147. Congress consists of the ____ and the House of _____.148. In terms of their political administration, the thirteen British colonies can be divided into three types: the ____ colonies, the central colonies and the ____ colonies.149. The three kinds of local governments under a state government are ____ governments, city, town, or ____ governments and local governments of districts set up for special purposes. 150. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.151. The farmland in the eastern half of Britain is used for raising ___. Its chief agricultural products are wheat,_____, oats and potatoes.152. The so-called “Glorious Revolution” was actually a bloodless ___ by the bourgeoisie in the year of ___.153. The ___ conflict between the bourgeoisie and the Monarchy and the persecution of ___ constituted two of the major causes of the bourgeois revolution.154. The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in both the ___ of production and the relations of production. It began in the ___ industry in the 1760s and lasted until 1830.155. The Open University is so called because it is ___ to people of ___ages.156.In the ____century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “____”157. The earliest inhabitants in America were ___, who had come over from Asia by crossing the land bridge across the present ___ Strait.158.The French and Indian War was fought between the ___ and the French, who were contending for the ___ Valley.159. In February 1861, six of the slave states that had seceded from the Union formed the ____ and elected ___ as their president.160. Secondary education in the US takes place in a variety of junior and senior high schools, which can be distinguished as vocational high school, ___ and ____.161. ___ who gets the majority of the ___ votes is elected President of the US.162. Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in the year of ___. He called the native Indians because he believed the islands to which he had come were off the coast of ___.163. Oxford and Cambridge were the only universities in ___ until the ___ century.164. In _____, the English Civil War broke out. The Cavaliers supported the king, while the Roundheads supported _______.165. The highest point in Wales is ____ in the ____Mountain Range.166. At the primary stage of the general election, the voters elect ___ to the national ___ of the two parties in each state.167. In the first two decades after World War II the US government adopted a policy of Cold War and ___ in its relationship with the Soviet Union. This policy was later replaced by the policy of ___ for world hegemony.168. According to their year of study, undergraduate students are called freshman, ____, junior and ____ respectively.169.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.170.Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______: fishing, forestry, _______ and mining.四、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. D2. B3. B4. C5. D6. C7. C8. A9. D10. B11. A12. D13. B14. B15. D16. C17. D18. D19. D21. C22. B23. B24. D25. A26. B27. C28. D29. D30. B31. A32. B33. A34. B35. B36. D37. B38. D39. C40. A41. C42. B43. D44. C45. A46. C47. C48. D49. A50. A51. D52. D53. A54. D55. A56. D57. C58. A60. D61. C62. C63. D64. A65. D66. A67. D68. D69. C70. A71. B72. B73. A74. B75. B76. B77. D78. C79. D80. D81. B82. C83. A84. D85. D86. C87. A88. C89. B90. D91. D92. B93. A94. C95. D96. B97. A99. A100. C二、名词解释题101. The Church of England has a continuous history going back before the Reformation to the earliest days of English Christianity. Henry VIII declared himself head of the English Church in 1534. Later the influence of the Reformation led the English Church to go its own way in forms of worship and in doctrine. With Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate Protestant basis.102.The Labor Party was founded in 1900 by a union between the Trade Union, the Independent Labor Party and the Fabian Society. It became the main opposition party after the First World War and won a majority in the House of Commons in 1945. It practices social democracy or bourgeois reformism.103.In the 13th century, the English possessions on the European Continent were greatly reduced. For the more political and economic power, King Edward started a war against French in 1337 for the French crown. This war lasted for over one hundred years. By the time the war was ended, the English had lost all the territories they had gained during the war, except the French port of Calais.104.Public school is a kind of independent schools in Britain. They are privately run and usually fee-paying. Public schools are known for their good facilities and prestige.105.William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.106. It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.107.King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced t o sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.108.The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of Charles II in 1660.109. After the establishment of the Church of England in England, the people who believe in。