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研究生课程__英语口语考试复习

Unit 11.What do you often do during your holidays?In the summer holiday, I am in a company called Jing Tianwei for one-month internship, It is a railway IT company and I worked in hardware tecnology sector, I was responsible for finding the trouble charts of trains, my work is simple, but it requests careful and patient attitudes which is just my characteristics, I learned a lot Things in the company, in particular, the head of department taught me not only some skills at work, but also taught me how to interact with others and how to solve some difficult problems, I would like to thank my friends in the companies for their help.2. With whom do you prefer to spend your holiday, your parents or your friends? why?I prefer to spend my holiday with my parents.Because most of us are studying far away from home, we will meet our parents twice or only once in a year, as their children ,they miss us and we miss them, holiday is a good chance for us to have a reunion, to have a dinner or have a party together, usually we talk about some interesting things happened, it is a happy time for my family, and we enjoy the moment. I will choose to meet my friends when we are in schools, though we are in different places, we can choose a place to travel together during a short holiday. If we don’t have many classes, my friends will come to my school ,and we meet each other.3.What festival do you like best? Why?Spring Festival.Three reasons.First, Spring festival is normal, we celebrate it once a year. But, it's abno rmal because it’s unique festival by Chinese.Second, Spring Festival is the most solemn and folk traditional festival, which represented to bid farewell to the end of the old year and welcome in the new year.Finally, we have a family reunion during the holiday. Usually, this is the only chance for family members to meet. And this is the most important reason why I like Spring Festival best.4.How do you spend that festival?I'd like to say how we celebrating this festival traditionally. The festival atmosphere getting stronger and stronger during the last lunar month before the Spring Festival Eve, people do Spring Festival shopping to prepare all the stuffs that they’re going to eat and use for celebration and the several days after the eve. That’s a bi g holiday for kids, they wear new clothes; they get red packets from parents and eldership; we fire fireworks, every kid has the experience that expecting the Spring Festival for the year. For family, relatives meets each other at this time, have family reunion dinner is the mainly activity. Recently, many people choose travel during the Spring Festival vacation; they get relaxation both from travel itselfand the festival atmosphere. Anyway, this traditional festival for Chinese is getting more and more worldwide and updated.5.What western festival have you spend? How?Valentines Day, (February 14)It is the holiday of love. This unofficial holiday dedicated to the Christian Saint Valentine is a day for sweethearts and lovers. Admirers send each other Valentine Day greeting cards. Lovers and spouses buy flowers, candy and gifts for their sweethearts. Many couples go to restaurants for intimate dinners. All stores and businesses are open.6.Talk about one holiday you are familiar with: its origin, the way of celebrating it etc.Spring FestivalOrigin: Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means "year", was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, "I hear that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents?" So, it did swallow many of the beasts and also harassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term "Guo Nian", which may mean "Survive the Nian" becomes today "Celebrate the (New) Year" as the word "guo" in Chinese having both the meaning of "pass-over" and "observe". The custom of putting up red paper and firingfire-crackers to scare away Nian . However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.Celebration:The seven days before New Year's Eve are set aside for the annual housecleaning, Every corner of the house has to be cleaned for the new year.colorful New Year pictures are placed on the walls, and people place doublets on their doors. people do Spring Festival shopping to prepare all the stuffs that they’re going to eat and use for celebration and the several days after the eve. That’s a big holiday for kids, they wear new clothes; they get red packets fromparents and eldership; we fire fireworks. For family, relatives meets each other at this time, have family reunion dinner is the mainly activity. Recently, many people choose travel during the Spring Festival vacation; they get relaxation both from travel itself and the festival atmosphere. Anyway, this traditional festival for Chinese is getting more and more worldwide and updated.Christmas:Origin:Christmas is primarily a Christian religious holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus. It always falls on the 25th of December, but the holiday season actually begins weeks earlier.According to the Bible,the holy book of Christians, God decided to allow his only son, Jesus Christ, to be born to a human mother and live on the earth so that people could understand God better and learn to love God and each other more. "Christmas" means "celebration of Christ "- which honors the time when Jesus was born to a young Jewish woman Mary.Mary was engaged to be married to Joseph,a carpenter,but before they came together,she was found to be with child. Because Joseph,her husband,was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace,he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this,an angel of the Lord appeared to him in his dream and said,"Do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife,because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son,and you are to give him the name Jesus,because he will save his people from their sins."the exact date of the birth of Jesus nearly 2,000 years ago is not known, For the first 300 years,Jesus' birthday was celebrated on different dates. Finally,in the year 354 A.D.church leaders chose December 25 as his birthday.Celebration:•From the beginning of December, people begin shopping for gifts to give to their children and other family members. They attend holiday parties at their offices, atfriend's homes or at restaurants throughout December. Many families decorate theirhomes and yards with multicolored sparkling lights.•Most families erect small evergreen trees in their homes and decorate them with colored lights and glittering ornaments. On Christmas morning, children awaken tofind brightly wrapped gifts under the Christmas tree. Christmas day is an intimatefamily holiday. Children and grand children all return home for an annual Christmasdinner and exchange of gifts. Close friends, relatives and neighbors often visit eachother on Christmas evening. Nearly all businesses, tourist attractions and shoppingcenters are closed on Christmas. A few restaurants, bars, gasoline stations andconvenience stores will remain open.•Western Festivals:✓the St. Valentine’s Day (February 14th)✓th e April Fool’s Day (April 1st)✓the Easter (A Sunday between March 22 and April 25)✓the Halloween (October 31st)✓the Thanksgiving (fourth Thursday in November)✓the Christmas Eve (December 24th)✓the Christmas Day✓the New Year’s DayNew Years Day (January 1) is a quiet day for recovery from the celebration of the previous evening. Activities usually include sleeping late and watching footballgames on the television. Some folks have dinner parties for their family or invited guests. Most businesses and shops will be closed. Some restaurants, bars and even a few shopping centers may be open.Easter is primarily a Christian holy day commemorating the death and resurrection of Jesus. It is celebrated on a Sunday in early spring. Most activities are church or family oriented and usually includes a gathering of the family for a dinner feast. Children often search for colored eggs that the Easter Bunny has hidden in their yard. Businesses are little affected since this holiday is always on a Sunday. Most restaurants, gasoline stations and convenience stores remain open but some shopping centers will close or open only for abbreviated hours.•Halloween is celebrated on the 31st day of October. This "hallowed evening"preceding the ancient church holiday of All Saints Day, was superstitiouslybelieved to be a time when the souls of the deceased would return to earth toroam about. Today it is a festive occasion in the USA. Some people decoratetheir homes and yards with images of ghosts, goblins, witches, skeletons andJack o' lanterns. (Hollowed out pumpkins carved into scary faces andilluminated by small internal candles) In the evening, small children dress incostumes and visit houses in their neighborhoods collecting sweets. Many towns and cities have costumed Halloween parades. The most elaborate and outlandish Halloween parades are held at Greenwich Village in New York City and in SanFrancisco, California. All businesses and stores are open for normal businesshours on this holiday.Traditional Chinese festivalsSpring FestivalLantern FestivalQing Ming (Pure & Bright in Chinese)Duan Wu (Dragon Boat) FestivalThe Seventh EveMoon Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival)Double-ninth festival3. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor? Give the reasons. And in what way would you want people to celebrate it?If I could create a new holiday, I would like to honor someone who has significantly changed our lives. That person would be Bill Gates. The name of the holiday woul d be “Bill Gates Day.”•Bill Gates made computer operating system user-friendly, thereby opening the door to hundreds of millions of untrained users. Before Bill invented windows, we had tolearn how to speak the computer’s command language before we could operate it. Itwas a rather complicated job. Now, a computer is so easy to operate that even a child can use one.•Before we had Windows, computer could only use the programs created by the manufacturer of that computer. There were very few good programs available andmost of them were written only for the very expensive brands. Now, with Windows,we can buy an incredible variety of great software programs for as little as $5 andthey will run on any Windows computer.•The way I would want people to celebrate “Bill Gates Day” would be to turn off their computers and stop using computers for 24 hours. It would be a wonderful way toexperience what life used to be like before we had computers and it might alsoremind us of how dependent we are on computers today.Unit 21.The Seven Wonders亚历山大灯塔The Lighthouse at Alexandria was built in 279 B.C. on the small island of Pharos by Sostratus of Cnidus for Ptolemy II. The lighthouse was over 400 feet high. The remains of this imposing structure could still be seen in 1480, when the Mamluk ruler Qa'it Bay constructed a fort on the exact site of the lighthouse.罗德岛巨像The Colossus of Rhodes stands over 100 feet tall, this statue of the Greek sun god was completed by the sculptor Chares in 280 B.C. The Colossus stood with one hand shielding its eyes looking over the harbor of the Greek island.摩索拉斯基陵墓The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos was built by the wife of the Carian ruler Mausolus in 353 B. C. This tomb was of such great size and, with its sculptured friezes, so beautiful, that fragments of it are preserved in Turkey and at the British Museum.奥林匹亚宙斯巨像The Statue of Zeus, though small in relation to some of the other wonders of the ancient world, this statue of Zeus, sculpted by the Greek Phidias about 430 B.C., won fame because of its beauty.阿尔忒弥斯神殿Temple of Diana at Ephesus measured 300 by 150 feet, with columns 60 feet high. This great temple dedicated to the goddess Diana was begun about 555 B.C. by Croesus, king of Lydia. Avandal burned down the original temple in 356 B . C., but it was rebuilt by Alexander the Great.巴比伦空中花园The Hanging Gardens of Babylon rises on terraces some 400 feet above the level of the plain. This hanging gardens were built by Nebuchadnezzar about 600 B.C. to console his queen, who missed the mountains, trees and flowers of her native Media.埃及吉萨金字塔The great Pyramids at Giza, which date from the Old Kingdom(2700-2300 B. C. ), are the oldest and most famous of the Seven Wonders of the World.2.The Statue of LibertyAs the symbol of America, the statue of liberty is located on a small island named Freedom Island of the west of Mahanton, New York. In 1984, the statue of liberty was put down on the list of the world’s relics.Liberty Enlightening the World, known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue given to the United States by France in 1885, standing at Liberty Island in the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. The copper statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship between the two nations. The sculptor was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, engineered the internal structure. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction and adoption of the Repoussé technique.The statue depicts a woman, standing upright, dressed in a flowing robe and a spiked crown,holding a stone tablet close to her body in her left hand and a flaming torch high in her right hand. The statue is made of verdigris copper with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf. It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal, itself on an irregular eleven-pointed star foundation.The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the U.S. worldwide and, in a more general sense, represents liberty and escape from oppression. The Statue of Liberty was, from 1886 until the Jet age, often the first glimpse of the United States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe.bronze statues47 meters high pedestal93 meters high total229 tonsdesigned by the French sculptoras a celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the UnitedStates gifts3.Hawaii•Hawaii is located in the central Pacific , is very important in the international traffic and strategic position.•19th C: a native kingdom•expansion of the sugar industry: increasing U.S. involvement•In 1893, Queen was deposed•In 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was established•In 1898, Hawaii became a U.S. territoryHawaii (Hawaii) is the largest island in the Hawaiian islands, and said, is located in the southernmost islands archipelago, have rich volcanic activities, volcanoes national park, the Chinese say again volcanic island. Island of Hawaii county. The main city have the branch with the west May 2008.These lovely islands were discovered by the Polynesians, who gave them the name Hawaii. When Captain Cook discovered Hawaii, he renamed them The Sandwich Islands. This information was culled from From Mauka to Makai. I have also added some dates of my own. In 1893, the American Colonists who dominated the economy of Hawaii overthrew the reigning Hawaiian Kingdom in a peaceful, although controversial, coup. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States. 61 years later in 1959, the territory of Hawaii was recognized as the 50th state.4.Eiffel Tower5.Cape TownCape Town glistens at the southern toe of the African continent. It is located on either side of a mountain ridge on the Cape Peninsula and low-lying flat areas at sea level.It was built in 1652. Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city with beautiful natural surrounds Few cities in the world have such kind of beauty and style. Cape Town is small, but there is a lot for you to see and do.Cape Town is warm and people can do many kinds of outdoor sports there, such as surfing, fishing, climbing, and travelling by cars. It is one of the most popular places to visit in South Africa. And the best season there is from October to the next March every year.Amazing sites, from Robben Island, Nelson Mandela's former prison, to tourist brochure-views at Blaauwberg Beach and Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, are within easy driving distance of "The Mother City". Sun worshippers, surfers and divers flock to nearby white sand beaches and azure waters under Table Mountain. The Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve provides sweeping sea vistas, hiking trails and wildlife encounters.6.The Great WallThe Great Wall was a gigantic defence work during ancient China. Separate walls were built in the 7th century B. C, by small warring states. After the unification of central China, Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered in 214 B. C. to link up those walls in the north to prevent the Huns from coming to the south. The construction continued over 10 years. The Great Wall undertook 18 major repairs and extensions over 200 years during the Ming Dynasty. It runs 6, 700 kilometers from Jiayuguan Pass to Gansu Province in the west to Shanhaiguan Pass in Hebei Province in the east over six provinces and Beijing and passes through high mountains, broad grasslands and immense deserts. Most of the Great Wall has remained in good conditions.7.The Forbidden CityLying at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City, called Gugong, in Chinese, used to be the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is called the Palace Museum now. It lies 1 kilometer north of the Tian'anmen Square, with its south gate, the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen), facing the Jingshan Park. 960 meters long and 750 meters wide, the world largest palace complex covers a floor space of 720,000 square meters, having 9,999 buildings. The rectangular city is encircled in a 52-meter-long, 6-meter-deep moat' and a 10-meter-high, 3,400- meter-long city wall which has one gate on each side. There are four unique and delicate structured comer towers overlooking the city inside and outside on the four comers. Generally, it was divided into two parts,the northern half, or the Outer Court where emperors executed their supreme power over the nation and the southern half, or the Inner Court where they lived with their royal family.Until 1924 when the last emperor in China was driven out of the Inner Court, 14 emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. About 500 years being the imperial palace, it houses numerous rate treasures and curiosities. It is now listed by the UN as World Cultural Heritage in 1987 and is the hottest tourist magnets. Construction of the palace complex started in 1407, the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, and was completed 14 years later in 1420. It was said thata million workers including 100,000 artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stones needed were carried from Fangshan. a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug along the road every 50 meters in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amount of timbers and other materials were all freighted from faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people fully displayed their wisdom in building the Forbidden City.8.The Temple of HeavenDuring the Ming and Qing dynasties, the emperor came to the Temple of Heaven to pay homage to Heaven. The custom to worship Heaven and the earth came into being during the Zhou Dynasty ( 1046 B.C. -- 256 B.C. ) and elaborated into a formal ritual during the Hun and Tang dynasties (618---907). In early 15th century a temple was built to pay respect to both heaven and the earth and in the middle of that century the ceremonies to worship heaven, the earth, the sun and the moon were conducted at four separate temples. The Temple of Heaven expanded during the Qing Dynasty and has remained as the largest complex of temple in China.The Temple of Heaven has an area of 273 hectares with a layout in two squares inside the other. Two walls divide the ground into the outer and inner parts. The outer wall is 6,416 meters long and the inner wall is 3, 292 meters long. The northern part of the outer and inner wails is a semicircle and the southern part of is square, declining from north to south to symbolize the traditional belief that haven was high and round and the earth was low and rectangular. The Temple of Heaven is an outstanding representative of Chinese traditional architecture for its clever design and harmonious colors.9.The Summer PalaceLocated 15km from Beijing, the Summer Palace is the largest and best- preserved royal garden in China.The Summer Palace has a history of over 800 years. Early in the Jin dynasty, an imperial palace named Golden Hill Palace was built on. the present site of the Summer Palace. In 1750, with 4.48 million taels of. silver, Emperor Qian Long of the Qing dynasty built the Garden of Clear Ripples here and renamed the hill Longevity Hill to celebrate his mother's birthday.In 1860. the Anglo-French Allied Forces invaded. Beijing and set fire to the garden, in 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi, with funds embezzled from the Imperial Navy, restored the grand garden. The construction had lasted for ten years and after completion, she renamed it Yiheynan---Garden of Peace and Harmony. In 1900. the garden was plundered again by the eight powers. This time. nearly all big temples and halls at the back of the Longevity Hill were destroyed and only one survived. Only when the fugitive Cixi returned to Beijing in 1903. did the full-scale restoration begin.Mainly consists of Longevity Hill ( which can be divided into Front Will and Rear Hill) and Kunming Lake, this present Summer Palace covers a vast area of 294hectares, in which three quarters are water. The garden can be divided into three parts, namely, administration, residence and scenery browsing area. The administration area, taking Hails of Benevolence and Longevity as its principal part, is the place Where Cixi dealt with state affairs and received officials. Residence area mainly consists of Hall of Jade Billows, Garden of Virtue and Harmony, and Hall of Joyful Longevity. The Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill then serve as the scenery browsing area.Unit 3 education1.Have you ever taken a part-time jobs?2.What kind of job do you do? And ho w much do you earn for an hour’s work?3. Have you ever taken a part-time jobs?A:Students should take part-time jobs.Because:① Part-time jobs can help students cultivate their independence.② Earning money from part-time jobs is necessary because tuition fees, the price ofbooks and the cost of living are soaring. It can relieve the economic burden of students’parents.③ Working while studying provides useful work experience and teaches studentstime-management skills.④ Part-time jobs can prepare students for their future and enable them to learn how tohandle various unexpected crises at the same time.⑤ Part-time jobs can help students put their knowledge into practice.⑥ Working while studying teaches students earning money is not easy and helps themto develop thrifty habits.⑦ Earning money from part-time jobs give students a feeling that they have grown up.B: Students should not take part-time jobs. Because:① It is hard for students to perform well academically when they are working andstudying at the same time.② Part-time jobs often distract students’ attention from their studies.③ Students’ main goal is to study and learn what is needed for their future. Socialexperience can be gained after graduation.④ Their future jobs are not always related to what they are studying at the university.4. Do you think we should encourage campus love? Why or why not? Give one ortwo cases to illustrate your point.A: We should encourage campus love. Because:① College students are at the right age. They have a mental and physical need andinterest to know the opposite sex.② Dating on campus can make student become mature earlier, because they have tolearn how to cooperate with others and how to care about others.③ Love on campus is the purest of all love and you won’t really enjoy the true loveyou are in the society.B: We should not encourage campus love. Because:① Campus date will distract student’s attention from academic studies if they could nothandle it appropriately.② Most students are not psychologically mature enough. Failure in love could result inmental hurt to them.③ The rate of successful campus is very low. Most couples in college end their lovestory before or upon graduation. College students are not mature to separate love and passion.5. If your child had a boyfriend /girlfriend at college, what would you do or say to your child?6. Do you enjoy your graduate life? Are there any differences between your collegelife and the life as a graduate student?① Compared with traditional lectures, seminars may have their weaknesses. Withoutthe teacher’s instructions, some students may feel at a loss at first, not knowing what to read or what to recite.② They may well waste much time reading irrelevant books, or doing senseless things.③ Seminars urge students to do a lot of reading beforehand in order to get prepared forthe discussion in class. So they have to think independently, spot the questions, theneither raise the questio ns to the teacher or, with the teacher’s help, find the answers by themselves.④Students don’t have to learn the rules and formulas by rote. Instead, they have tolearn to develop their analytical skills, which are of great importance in their futureresearch and work.7. Will you find a job or go for further study after you’ve graduated from thisuniversity? And what are the reasons?8. Nowadays there is a growing concern over the fact that many colleges anduniversities are overcrowded with students, resulting from the enlarged enrollment since 1998. What do you think of this phenomenon? Do you think there will be many problems caused by enlarged enrollment?① The immediate result of the enlarged enrollment has produced is the overcrowded dormitories and dining halls.② The teaching quality can not be ensured because so many students have to share the limited teaching facilities.。

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