《传热传质学》主要内容和专业词汇中英文对照Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer主要内容1.Concepts:heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation2.Equations:1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat balance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fourier’s law of heat conduction4) Newton’s law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law主要专业词汇heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学thermodynamics热力学caloric 热素specific heat 比热mass flow rate 质量流率latent heat 潜热sensible heat 显热heat flux热流密度heat transfer rate热流量total amount of heat transfer总热量conduction导热convection对流radiation辐射thermal conductivity 热导率thermal diffusivity 热扩散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 对流/综合换热系数emissivity 发射率absorptivity 吸收率simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation主要内容3.Concepts:temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steady\transient heat transfer、uniform\nonuniform temperature distribution4.Equations:1) Fourier’s law of heat conduction (§2-1)2) Heat conduction equation (in rectangular\cylindrical\spherical coordinates)(§2-2、§2-3)3) Boundary conditions: (§2-4)a)Specified temperature B. C.b) Specified heat flux B. C. (special case: insulation、thermal symmetry);c) Convection B.C.d) Radiation B.C.e) Interface B.C.4) Average thermal conductivity k ave(§2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in plane walls、cylinders andspheres (k =const)：a) no heat generation, specified temperature B.C.: (§2-5)T(x) or T(r)；Q(x) or Q(r), Q=constb) with heat generation, Specified temperature B.C. or Convection B.C. : (§2-6)∆T max=T o-T s= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; T s=T + gs/nhcharacteristic length S, shape factor n:plane walls — s = L (half thickness), n = 1cylinders ——s = r o, n = 2spheres ——s = r o, n =35.Methods: Solve a heat transfer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)2) General solution of equation3) Application of B.C.s4) Unique solution of the problemtemperature field\distribution 温度场\分布 temperature gradient 温度梯度 heat generation 热生成(热源) initial\boundary condition 初始\边界条件 transient heat transfer 瞬态(非稳态)传热 isothermal surface 等温面 Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程trial and error method 试算法 iterate 迭代 convergence 收敛Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要内容6. Concepts:multilayer\composite wall overall heat transfer coefficient Uthermal resistance R t thermal contact resistance R ccritical radius of insulation R crfin efficiency fin effectiveness7. Equations:✓ Multiplayer plane wall 、cylinders and spheres: 12totalT T Q UA T R ∞∞-==∆& ✓ Fin: fin equation ——0)()(=--∞T T hp dxdT kA dx d c1) Uniform cross-section:2) Varying cross-section: )(fin fin max fin,fin fin ∞-==T T hA Q Q b ηη&&thermal resistance热阻parallel 并联in series串联thermal contact resistance 接触热阻composite wall 复合壁面thermal grease 热脂cross-section 横截面temperature execess 过余温度hyperbolic 双曲线的exponent 指数fin 肋(翅)片fin base 肋基fin tip 肋端fin efficiency 肋效率fin effectiveness 肋片有效度Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction主要内容8.Concepts:lumped system analysis characteristic length (L c=V/A)Biot number (Bi=hL c /k) Fourier number ( τ = at/L)9.Equations:●Bi≤0, lumped system analys is (§4-1)●Bi>0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres (§4-2)b) semi-infinite solids (§4-3)multidimensional: product solution (§4-4)主要专业词汇lumped system analysis 集总参数法characteristic length 特征长度（尺寸）dimension 量纲nondimensionalize 无量纲化dimensionless quantity 无量纲量semi-infinite solid 半无限大固体complementary error function 误差余函数series 级数production solution 乘积解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction主要内容10.Concepts:control volume (energy balance) method、finite difference method、discretization、node、space step、time step、mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients ≥0)Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error11.Methods:Numerical solution:1) Discretization in space and time (∆x, ∆t);2) Build all nodes’ finite difference formulations (including interior and bou ndary nodes);i.Finite difference methodii.Energy balance method (i.e. Control V olume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction;a)Direct method: Gaussian Eliminationb)Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration主要专业词汇control volume 控制容积finite difference有限差分Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式mirror image concept 镜像法Elimination method 消元法direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法explicit/implicit method 显式/隐式格式stability criterion 稳定性条件primary coefficients 主系数unconditionally 无条件地algebraic eq. 代数方程discretization/truncation error 离散/截断误差round-off error 舍入误差Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural Convection主要内容12.Concepts:Nu、Re、Gr、PrForce/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layer flow regimes、laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Re c)、hydraulic diameter (D h)、film temperature (T f)、bulk mean fluid temperature (T b)logarithmic mean temperature difference ( ∆T ln)volume expansion coefficient (β = 1/T)effective thermal conductivity (K eff = K Nu)evaporation、boiling、condensation、nucleation sitepool/flow boiling、subcooled / satuated boilingnatural convection / uncleate / transition /film boilingburn out point13.Equations:Drag force ：F D = C f AρV2/2Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(T s-T∞)3．Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced convection：external flow——flow over flat plates (§6-4)——flow across cylinders and spheres (§6-5)internal flow——flow in tubes (§6-6)2) Natural convection：flow over surfaces (§7-2)flow inside enclosures (§7-3)3) Boiling Heat Transfer主要专业词汇Force/natural convection 自然/强制对流laminar/turbulent flow 层/湍流boundary layer 边界层laminar sublayer 层流底层buffer layer 缓冲层transition region 过渡区flow regimes 流态inertia/viscous force 惯性/粘性力shear stress 剪切应力friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系数friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力/运动粘度wake 尾流stagnation point 滞止点flow separation 流体分离vortex 漩涡rotational motion 环流velocity fluctuation 速度脉动hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydraulic diameter 水力直径fully developed region 充分发展段volume flow rate 体积流量arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算术/对数平均温差volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数interferometer 干涉仪asymptotic渐近线的effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率evaporation 蒸发boiling 沸腾condensation 凝结pool boiling池内（大容器）沸腾flow boiling（管内）强制对流沸腾subcooled / satuated boiling 过冷/饱和沸腾nucleation site 汽化核心uncleate / transition /film boiling 核态/过渡/膜态沸腾burnout point烧毁点surface tension 表面张力vapor bubble 汽泡excess temperature 过热度thermodynamic equilibrium 热力平衡phase change/transformation 相变latent heat of vaporization 汽化潜热analogical method 类比法integral approach 积分近似法order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer主要内容14.Concepts:black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)emissivity (ε)、absorptivity (α)、reflectivity (ρ)、transmissivity (τ)irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surfaceview factor (F ij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistance radiation shieldgas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium ws:Blackbody：(1) Planck’s distrib ution law(2) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law(3) Wien’s displacement lawGraybody：(4) Kirchhoff’s lawActual body：E (T) = ε E b(T) = ε σT4W/m2Gas：(5) Beer’s law3．Calculation:1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rulecrossed-strings method2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation networkOpen system：between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates)Enclosure：2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosureRadiation shield主要专业词汇thermal radiation热辐射、quantum theory量子理论、index of refraction 折射系数electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外线、infrared (IR) rays 红外线absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity (ε) 发射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 镜反射/漫反射irradiation (incident radiation) 投入辐射、radiosity 有效辐射spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/定向/总辐射力fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数view factor 辐射角系数、crossed-strings method交叉线法、reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/对称性net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量radiation network 辐射网络图、space/surface radiation resistance 空间/表面辐射热阻、reradiating surface重辐射面、adiabatic 绝热的radiation shield遮热板transparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透过性介质Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers主要内容16.Concepts:heat exchanger type---- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchangerparallel/counter/cross/multipass flowoverall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (R f)heat capacity rate capacity rationlog mean temperature difference (ΔT lm)heat transfer effectiveness (ε)number of transfer units (NTU)17.Equations:1) heat balance eq.: Q = C h (T h,in - T h,out)=C c(T c,out - T c,in)2) heat transfer eq.: Q = UAΔT lm( LMTD method)or Q = εQ max = εC min (T h,in –T c,in) ( ε-NTU method) 3．Methods:1) LMTD Method：Select a heat exchangerKnown: C h、C c、3‘T’Predict: 1‘T’、Q、A2) ε-NTU Method：Evaluate the performance of a specified heat exchangerKnown: C h、C c、UA、T h,in、T c,inPredict: Q、T h,out、T c,out主要专业词汇double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerative heat exchanger套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热（再生）式换热器parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow 顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流area density 面积密度tube/shell pass 管程/壳程static/dynamic type 静/动态型baffle 挡板header 封头nozzle管嘴guide bar 导向杆porthole 孔口gasket 垫圈lateral 侧面的/横向的fouling factor 污垢因子heat capacity rate 水当量heat transfer effectiveness (ε) 传热有效度number of transfer units (NTU) 传热单元数《传热传质学》知识难点与重点Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer第一章热力学与传热学1．传热学研究内容（温差=>传热）；Heat Transfer Research (Temperature Difference=> Heat Transfer)2.三种基本传热方式的机理和基本公式；The Mechanisms and Basic Formulas of Three Basic Modes of Heat Transfer.3.传热过程、传热方程式；Heat Transfer Process，Heat Transfer Equation4.导热系数、对流换热系数、传热系数的物理涵义、单位、基本数量级、影响因素和变化规律；Physical meanings ,units, fundamental orders,influencing factors and changes in laws of heat conduction coefficient，convection heat transfer coefficient，heat transfer coefficient.5.热阻与热流网络图；Thermal resistance and heat transfer network6,单位与单位制；Unit and system of unitsChapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation第二章导热方程式1.导热问题的求解目标（物体内部的温度场与热流场）；Determine Target of Heat Conduction(temperature field and heat field in the internal objects)2.温度场（稳态、非稳态、均匀、一维、二维、三维）；Temperature field （steady,transient,uniform,one-dimensional,two-dimensional,three-dimensional）3.等温面、等温线、热流线的性质及相互关系；Properties of isothermal surface, isotherm,heat flow and the relationship among them 4.方向导数、梯度的数学概念及相互关系；Mathematical concept of directional derivative , gradient and the relationship between them5.Fourier 定律；Fourier Law6.推导导热微分方程式的理论基础、简化假设及方程各项（内能、导热、内热源、导温系数、）的物理涵义；Theoretical bases of concluding heat conduction differential equation,simplified assumption and physical meanings of each term in the equation (Internal energy, heat conduction, internal heat source,temperature transfer coefficient, )7.定解条件【几何、物理、时间、边界（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）】Conditions of determining the solution【geometry,physics,time,boundary(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ )】8.导热问题的求解方法（解析解、数值解）。