2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8 adj.乐观的We are still optimistic, whatever the result may be.我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。
The stockholders are optimistic about the pany's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。
反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的Her pessimistic attitude turns him off.她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。
________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtfulC．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimisticn.(1)气候She is not used to living in a cold climate.她不习惯寒带生活。
(2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛social climate 社会风气political climate政治气候the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense.革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。
climate/weather辨析climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。
weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。
What will the weather be like tomorrow明天天气怎样I would rather live in France because of the climate.由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。
单项填空(1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperatureC．season D．climate(2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky(1)n.洪水，水灾(可数)The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。
(2)n.大批，大量流入There was a flood of plaints about the poor service at the restaurant.许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
考点提示：a flood of words口若悬河a flood of tears泪如泉涌a flood of anger 勃然大怒(3)vt.& vi.淹没；大量涌到The river flooded the village.河水淹没了村庄。
Workers continue to flood into neighbouring cities to look for jobs.工人们不断涌进邻近的城市找工作。
完成句子(1)大批感谢信像潮水般涌来。
Letters of thanks________.(2)大批的人涌进大厅。
________crowded into the hall.(3)办公室堆满了应聘这个职位的求职信。
The office was________applications for the job.（4）When we visited my old family home，memory came ________ back.A．flooding B．to flood C．flood D．floodedn．现实，实际；真实，实际存在His hope has bee a reality.他的希望已变成现实。
考点提示：bring sb back to reality使某人面对现实，不再抱有幻想in reality＝in fact事实上，实际上，其实turn sth into reality使……变为现实escape from reality逃避现实face up to reality面对现实real adj.真实的really adv.真实/正地realistic adj.现实的，实际的realize v．实现realize one's dream实现梦想单项填空I am saving my money，so my dream of travelling to Europe will________.A．e true B．realizeC．be e true D．turn into a reality(1)vt.影响Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。
(2)使感动，被打动(一般用被动)All the girls were deeply affected by the sad movie.那部悲伤的电影深深地打动了所有的姑娘。
His speech affected the audience deeply.她的演讲深深地打动了听众。
(3)(指疾病)侵袭，使感染The left lung is affected by cancer.左肺受到癌症侵蚀。
考点提示：(1)affected adj.做作的，不自然的affecting(moving ，touching)adj.使人感动的affection n ．(C ，U)感情；慈爱；挚爱Hearing the affecting story ，all the children present were affected to tears.听了这感人的故事，所有在场的孩子都感动得流下了热泪。
He felt great affection for his sister.他很疼他的妹妹。
(2)effect n ．影响；结果；作用side effect 副作用have an/no effect on...对……有(无)影响cause and effect 因果完成句子(1)The whole munity________(受影响)by the terrible accident.(2)Smoking can________(对……有坏影响) your health.单项填空(3)If taken in the wrong way ，the medicine will have some side________and________your health.A ．effect ；affectB ．affects ；effectC ．effects ；affectD ．effects ；affects（4）With the government's aid ，those________by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A ．affectB ．affectingC ．affectedD ．were affected(1)vt .(主动)提供/给予，出(价)，提出⎭⎬⎫offer sb sth offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物 offer sb money for sth 开/出价给某人买某物offer sb sth for money 以……价格卖给某人……offer to do sth 主动提出要做什么offer oneself as...毛遂自荐……She offered to carry the box for her mother.她提出要帮她母亲搬箱子。
I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。
We offered him the house for 5,000 dollars.我们以5 000美元的价卖给他那所房子。
I offered him 5,000 dollars for the house.我出价5 000美元买他那所房子。
He offered himself as a guide.他毛遂自荐作一名向导。
(2)n.出价，提议，意图accept/take an offer(of sth/to do sth)接受(做……的)提议make an offer to do sth 主动要做……You ought to accept the offer.你应该接受别人主动提出的帮助。
Thank you for your offer of help/your offer to help.感谢你提供的帮助。
单项填空(1)I have been_________a large sum of money to go away ，but I am determined to stay here.A ．sufferedB ．forcedC ．allowedD ．offered(2)—Why did you leave that position—I_________a better position at IBM.A ．offerB ．offeredC ．am offeredD ．was offered(3)—Can I help you with it—I appreciate your________，but I can manage it myself.A ．adviceB ．questionC ．offerD ．idea(1)n .伤害，损害，危害 ⎭⎬⎫do sb/sth harm do harm to sb/sth 对……有害 do no harm 无害mean no harm(to...)(对……)没有恶意，无意伤害别人do more harm than good 弊多利少，坏处大于好处e to no harm 没有受到伤害He meant no harm ；he was just joking.他并无恶意，仅仅是开玩笑。
The heavy rain did a lot of harm to the crops.大雨对庄稼造成很大的损害。