基于单片机的火灾报警器设计
火灾作为一种发生频率高、破坏性强的灾害，受到人们的大力重视。

随着经济和城市建设的快速发展，城市高层、地下建筑以及大型综合性建筑日益增多，火灾隐患也大大增加，火灾的数量及其造成的损失呈逐年上升趋势。

火灾自动报警系统,作为火灾的先期预报、火灾的及时扑灭、保障人身和财产安全,起到了不可替代的作用。

随着传感器技术、无线通信技术、集成电路和微电子技术日臻完善，火灾自动报警系统迎来了良好的发展契机，其智能化程度也越来越高。

系统用AT89C51单片机作为核心，其容量大、数据处理速度快、适合运行较为复杂的算法；采用高灵敏度的温度传感器LM94022与烟雾传感器NIS-09C作为探测器。

报警系统将传感器输出的电信号经放大滤波处理后送入ADC0809转换，得到的数字信号由单片机进行处理分析，判断是否发生火灾。

火灾自动报警系统通过对传感器采集火情信息,采用多传感器信息融合技术,使用智能识别算法实现对火灾的监测。

当报警器监测到火情信息后, 立即产生声光报警信号。

系统具有声光报警、故障自诊断等功能，系统的结构简单、性能稳定，使用方便，智能化程度高。

由于采用了感温和感烟探测器相结合探测方法，比使用单一的探测器能更加准确报警、降低了误报率。

关键词：火灾自动报警系统，温度探测器，烟雾探测器，AT89C51
The Fire Alarm System Based on Single
Chip Design
Abstract
As one kind of high-frequency, highly destructive disasters，people pays great attention to fire. Along with the rapid development of the economy and urban construction, urban high-rise and underground constructions, as well as the large-scale and comprehensive constructions are increasing, and the Potential danger of fire is also greatly increased. The number of fires and the loss was caused by upward trend year after year. The automatic fire alarm systems (FAS), a previous forecast, fire exterminate, guarantee personal and property security, have played an irreplaceable role. As technology of the sensor，the wireless communication，the integration circuit and the micro-electronics gradually progresses, the FAS meets an excellent opportunity, its intelligent degree becomes higher and higher.
System uses AT89C51 as the core, because of its large capacity, data processing speed, suitable for operation more complex algorithms. System uses sing high sensitivity of the temperature sensor LM94022 and smoke sensor NIS - 09C as detectors. Alarm system will send sensor output signal after filtering processing enlargement to ADC0809 conversion. The single-chip microcomputer analysis the digital signal processed, and it determine whether fires. FAS collect fire information through sensors, using multi-sensor information fusion technology, and use intelligent identification algorithm for fire monitoring. When the alarm monitors the fire information, it produces sound-light alarm signal immediately. System has the acousto-optic alarm, fault diagnosis system. The system has simple structure and stable performance, and it is easy to use and intelligent. In this paper, it uses the method of combining temperature detector and smoke detector to detect, and can be a more accurate report than using a single detector, while reduced the false rate.
Key words：Automatic fire alarm system，Temperature detectors，Smoke detectors ，AT89C51。